Conjoined Twins Research Paper

What
 things 
did 
the 
right‐handed 
twin 
and 
left 
handed 
twin 
create?
 What would
 happen 
to 
our 
world 
without 
one 
of 
the
 twins?
 Explain.

I would usually read books like this, but I would like to mention how interesting it was while reading. One of Us has valuable information and stories of conjoined twins, not only in the United States but all around the world. I found it interesting how the author uses medical term and quantitative data to identify the different types of twin and how many are there. I did not know there were so many different types of conjoined twin, and where they are attached or infused. Alice Dreger purpose of this book is analyzing case studies both past and present, along with questions and assumptions about anatomy and normality, and transforms our understanding of how we are all intricately and inextricably joined. She also explored the separation surgery on conjoined twins. Providing historical and contemporary evidence that most adults conjoined twins do not desire to be separated, and that many operations are carried out on children too young, by individualizing them at all cost which may result in a tragic event.

Sometimes when an older woman is pregnant with multiple babies, fetal resorption, or vanishing twin syndrome, happens. After one twin or multiple is miscarried, the stronger fetus absorbs it. This only occurs in about twenty one percent of twin and multiple fetus pregnancies. After my sister was born in 1985, my mother was told that she wouldn’t have anymore children. She was fine with this, until thirteen years later she found out she was pregnant with twins. But shortly afterwards, she found out that the boy was miscarried and absorbed by his sister; me.

There are a number of possible types of these births. These include thoracopagus, the most common, affecting 35% of all conjoined twin births, where the chest wall is shared, and often the heart. Pygopagus is another type, occurring in 19% of all cases, where the twins are joined at the buttocks. Two significantly less occurring patterns are ischiopagus, 6%, connected at the tailbone, and craniopagus, 2%, with a fused skull. Some other commonly occuring types include cephalopagus, with the upper torso and back of the cranium fused, and dicephalus, having two heads and necks connected to one body. Cephalopagus and craniopagus twins are rarely operated on, because the brain is such a delicate organ on which to operate, especially when shared brain tissue is involved. Other types include parapagus, a lateral fusion of the lower half of the body, and omphalopagus, joined frontally at the midsection. Finally there is parasitic twinning, where one twin is dependant upon the other for life, and often one is misformed, lacking organs or fully formed parts (www.twinstuff.com).

The biography Identical Strangers by Elyse Schein and Paula Bernstein is about twins that got separated at birth, and now are finding out there is another person in the world with their exact DNA. They were part of a study on separated twins. It was to see in nature versus nurture which one has more of an impact. (31-32) Identical twins were easiest to study because of their identical DNA. Scientists working on the study placed both girls in a family in which are very similar; therefore, they both have a brother that is a couple years older than them. They find out about the other twin, and Paula is having their

A con that happens often with twins is appearance. Whether identical or not, somehow people always state that they look the same. There is no individualism. One would say that it would be cool to have someone that looks like you, but it’s the total opposite. We often pick clothing to represent our personality, or to break away from the crowd. Clothing for

Monozygotic twins: Monozygotic twins are also known as identical twins. These twins start their life as one egg which is fertilized by one sperm and latter splits into two eggs much earlier in the gestational period. These are very rare and have no link to heredity. But studies reveal that only one of four conceptions of twins is identical. Therefore, it seems likely that any differences between twins will have to be caused by environment rather than by genetics.

Twins, share a bond that no parent, child or sibling relationship can ever compare. There are two main types of twins, and these include: monozygotic (identical) twins and dizygotic (fraternal) twins, and they are compared by their emotional, behavioural, and cognitive similarities. (Robert Plomin, 1997). According to Social Issues Referencing, 2007, whereas Identical twins are formed from a single (mono) zygote and are genetic “carbon copies”, fraternal twins develop from two (di) separate zygotes, as a result of two eggs being fertilized by two sperms independently. (Social Issues Referencing, 2007, para. 8)

An example of this is fraternal twins. Fraternal twins are twins that were born at the exact same time, but they were fertilized in two different eggs, making them not look identical, like other pairs of twins.

Most twins didn't survive the experiments. In fact, out of the 3,000 twins that were captured, less than 200 escaped. The twins that survived were often separated, unless extremely lucky.

What took 20 hours to complete, a set of twins, who were conjoined at the head, were separated on October 14, 2016. “The 13-month-old boys, Jadon and Anias McDonald, were born with a condition called craniopagus, which means they shared a portion of their skull and brain tissue.” (Rettner 2016) This condition is rare,” making up only 2 percent of conjoined twin cases, the University of Maryland says. The craniopagus-separation surgery performed on the McDonald twins was the 59th sus surgery in the world since 1952, according to CNN. Conjoined twins occur in about one out of every 200,000 live births, and many do not survive the first day of life, the University of Maryland says. Researchers estimate that 40 to 60 percent of conjoined twins

Throughout history, across all cultures, people have been fascinated with twins. In addition to interest in the close emotional ties and biological similarities that twins may share, reports of special twin languages and twin extrasensory perception (ESP) help people to explore ideas of what it means to be human. How similar or different are they to each other? How important are genes and environment for development? Because identical twins share all of their genes, it is the environment—rather than genetics—that accounts for any differences between them.

Conjoined twins happen once in every 200,000 live births (Maryland). Conjoined twins are identical twins whose bodies are joined in utero. Most are stillborn and others are born with severe abnormalities that make living a normal life almost impossible. The survival rate of conjoined twins is between 5 percent and 25 percent (Maryland). The most common form of conjoined twins is thoracopagus twins. These types of twins share the same heart. Some of the other types of conjoined twins include omphalopagus in which the twins are conjoined at the lower chest but no heart is involved. Parasitic twins are when twins are asymmetrically conjoined. One twin is dependent on the larger twin for survival. Another type of twin is the craniopagus twins

Clinical: Patients are conjoined twins born on August 8, 2000. The twins were connected at the abdomen; Twin A was described as bright and alert with an anatomically normal brain, heart, lungs, and liver. Twin B was had significant brain pathology and relied on Twin A’s heart and lungs for blood supply. Separating the twins would mean a certain death for Twin B, but Twin A had a good chance of survival with moderate physical impairment that would require further operations to correct. The procedure was performed on November 8, 2000. Twin B died immediately when the blood vessels were cut. Twin A continues to survive the expectation that she would need years of surgical care; decades later, she is alive and doing well.

There are two types of twins. One type of twins, called identical twins, is exact clones of each other. They share the same DNA and were made from a single split egg. More research as been done regarding these types of twins as they are the more remarkable kind. Since they are a genetic match, nature plays the