Connectivity And Network Security : Connectivity

In this modern day and age of computing, networks are a huge part of IT. It is important now more than ever that data sent over any network, whether it be a LAN (Local Area Network) or WAN (Wide Area Network; The Internet) is kept safe, private (when required) and uninterrupted in

Exercise 2.3.2: A network topology is the arrangement of a computer network, how they should be connected.

This assignment will be mainly about network components and how do they operate, what are their functions and what are their flaws.

Builds topologies map (Every node knows how to reach to its directly connected neighbors and by making sure that the total of this acknowledge is distributed to every node then every node will have enough information to build a complete map of the network).

| A _____ is attached to the beginning of a word root to modify its meaning.

The context from which these are being defined will also be discussed to help the reader gain a deeper understanding of these definitions and the graph which will follow the definitions.

Something that really struck out to me was the topic of networking. In Chapter 2, author, Don Raskin goes into depth about the importance of networking. What Raskin says about networking really makes a lot of sense because it is much easier for companies to make hiring decisions based on recommendations from a trusted source than hiring someone through the interviewing process. Employers can get an idea of who the interviewees are, but having people recommended to them makes their job way easier. Networking is something that I will definitely do to my fullest when I look for an internship/job. Getting to know many influential people that will help me better my career will really set me aside from others. Having as many connections as possible

49) ________ partitions a collection of things, such as objects and events stored in a dataset, into segments whose members share similar characteristics.

In the future organization need to take a proactive approach to the network 's security. This strategy of safeguarding the network as well as the patient data, such as scanning and social engineering should be mandatory as opposed to best practices. As the case study shows a major breach had a drastic impact on the healthcare organization and efforts should have been made ahead of time to prevent disaster. Organizations should understand security and risk budgeting and learn how to gain support from the board level for the investment needed to protect data. The industry should push the government to include required annual Health Information Trust Alliance (HITRUST) assessments compared to the current HIPAA [7]. HITRUST is an organization developed by healthcare and IT professionals to help healthcare organizations protect patient information better than HIPAA guidelines. If government mandates shifted towards HITRUST standards the healthcare industry as a whole could benefit across the boards and it can focus more on the patient care and less on the fear of an impending data breach. As mentioned in the previous sections these software and techniques won 't 100\% prevent attacks, but they will definitely help prevent and detect attacks beforehand.

Network security has changed significantly over the past years. There is more and more data to monitor and analyze in order to detect the activity of your data and systems. Securing a network has many variables. Password authentication, network access, patches, anti-virus protection, intrusion detection, firewall and network monitoring tools are just a few of the things you can do to protect yourself.

Social networks are tools which represent the relationships between individuals and groups in a community. Nowadays virtual or online communities are groups of people connected through the internet and other information technologies have become an important part of modern society and contribute to life in many contexts social, educational, political and business.

In a ______ connection, two and only two devices are connected by a dedicated link.

Thus, network has become an important scientific concept in communication theory, but it has also become much more than that. Since the 1970’s, network has become an increasingly prevalent social ontology—a fundamental way that institutions and members of society describe the social world

There are threats to network security that can compromise your computer systems. Viruses are one of the top security threats in the technology industry. A virus is a program or a code that is loaded into your computer system without your knowledge will run against your wishes (Beal, n.d). Viruses can also replicate themselves. All computer viruses are manmade and a virus can make a copy of itself several times and easy to create (Beal, n.d). Mark Vernon wrote that 72% of all companies have received infected e-mails or files last year and for larger companies the percentage was 83% (Vernon, 2004). The top viruses in malignancy are Worms and Trojan Horses (Vernon, 2004). Another threat to network security is malware. Malware (malicious software) is a annoying or harmful type of software that is intended to secretly access a device without a user’s knowledge. There are different types of malware, which include spyware, phishing, viruses, adware, Trojan horses, worms, ransomware, rootkits, and browser hijackers (“What is Malware and how to remove it | Cyber security,” n.d.). Malware gets access to your device through the internet, email, hacked websites, toolbars, music files, free subscriptions, toolbars and anything downloaded from the web (“What is Malware and how to remove it | Cyber security,” n.d.). Spam is also another threat to network security. Spam is a unsolicited message that advertises a service or product. Spammers target email accounts but can also be found on

The edge crossings are reduced and nodes are placed according to their subgraphs at each layer. Now we need to calculate absolute positions for graph nodes such that there will be enough space to draw subgraph boundaries. To draw subgraph vertical boundaries straight we add trail of dummy vertical nodes one to the left and one to the right side of each layer in every subgraph.