Consequences Of Globalisation For Sub Saharan Africa

All this is a little too close to what A. G. Hopkins called, in the Introduction to his brilliant Economic History of West Africa, the 'Myth of Merrie Africa'. This myth, and any static picture of the African past, does an injustice to the dynamic and innovative features in African society.

In the second half of the twentieth-century, African countries were able to gain their independence and strive to create unified countries. However, many countries were plagued with civil wars and the issues left behind the colonial era. The adversities faced by these new African nations are at the hands of their old colonial powers and the neo-colonialism that has taken place. These new independent countries were left to unify their people of different backgrounds, create a strong government and economy, and leave the post-colonial legacy behind.

Peebe Harry, Osaki. “Colonialism in Africa Is Still Alive and Well | Letters.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 1 Aug. 2017, www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/01/colonialism-in-africa-is-still-alive-and-well

Africa’s persistent poverty interrogates the continent’s past through institutions, government, demography, economics, colonialism, and the impact of the trading. The colonial era affected the variety of Africa’s historical development for it was quite the game changer since it put a halt to the continuous drain of scarce labor and paved the way for the expansion of land concentrated forms of agriculture, and engaging smallholders, estates, and communal farms. The establishment of the colonial rule over the African interior reinforced African commodity growth in export. The colonial control facilitated the construction induced significant inflows of European

Whilst raising money for African charities at school I developed an interest in global inequality and alternative policies that can help low-income nations escape the poverty trap. Reading ’23 Things’ by Ha-Joon Chang, I was intrigued by his view on blaming free-market policies like SAPs that exposed sub-Saharan Africa to international competition, slowing economic growth. Hence, this extended my research to the other side of the

In the late nineteenth century the European powers of the world began imperializing Africa. This annexation, occupation, and division of African territory has since led to much strife within the continent and has caused many struggles politically. This period known as the “Scramble for Africa” has led to the many problems that Africa faces today and has been the root of several wars in Africa to assume control. After World War II many European imperialists began to give African nations autonomy. This seemed like a step forward for African nations, but without any plan to transition into self governance many African nations have faced bloody civil wars and corruption. Along with political struggles, numerous African nations face rising debt and other economic problems. Many of these political and economic issues stem from the “Scramble for Africa”. Once the European countries left Africa had very little to support itself. To explain the issues left by imperialism the three African nations of Rwanda, South Africa, and Sierra Leone will be put under the scope.

In a Western perspective, Africa is perceived as a poor, insecure, and violent continent. Although this statement is ignorant and disregards the multidimensional issues that are in each of the 54 countries, security and violence is a general issue in most African countries. African countries have not endured an easy history, and their history continues to create present conflicts. Their violent colonial past has left certain countries with ethnic rivalries and left their legacies with agents of security. Although the colonial past of African countries have been the leading cause of many of their current problems, they cannot be blamed for everything. Additionally, there is a positive correlated relationship between the state and the violence

The majority of the decolonization process spanned from the early 1950s to 1970s with a few states under foreign control until the 1980s. The misconception, however, was that once the last African country was liberated, all ties with European colonizing powers would be cut loose and wealth accumulation would be redirected inwards. However, that is far from the truth. Liberation from colonial control failed to transform underlying realities; in actuality, a new form of colonialism was erected—neocolonialism, the “continuation of colonial exploitation without formal political control”.1 In other words, African states remained largely dependent on their colonizers.

In the age of Imperialism, European countries sought to colonize the world. It all came crashing down as European countries became involved in conflicts and could not sustain this infrastructure. In South Africa, European ideals were held so strongly in the government that segregation was the norm long after Europe and North America had become desegregated. Africa was seen as a place to steal from, whether it was slaves, minerals, riches, or land. From the constant European intervention and inability of nations to function on their own and control their people, Africa has become a vacuum of centralized power with new puppet democracies controlled by dictators and warlords. European control was a very hands-on way of controlling every aspect of African life in the government, infrastructure, culture, technology, religion. When African countries became independent, it was a struggle to adopt their new identity Because of the overpowering European dominance in every aspect of live, Africa was deprived of the chance to learn and develop on its

It is most evident that Africa's economic underdevelopment and overall economic corruption is a direct consequence of Western exploitation. Colonization of Nigeria in the 1850s rooted from desire to protect Britain's trading system that continued to expand in Nigerian hinterlands. As starvation for wealth and competition took place, Nigeria lost its identity and the values that give rise to its people and natural resources. Although integration of medieval Nigeria into the global new world by globalization and trade brought forth growth. Colonial rule was never a benevolent political system, but rather a robbery of Nigeria's functional bureaucracy.

According to Jay Albanese organized crime is a continuing criminal enterprise that is rationally working to produce profit through illicit activities based on demand, where its existence is kept through force, threats, and corruption (Albanese 2004). When looking at transnational organized crime, we are looking at crimes that involve crossing national borders and individuals who work within more than one country to complete illicit business endeavors. I argue that political and systemic issues as well as outside influences leave weaker governed countries more exposed to the risks of transnational organized crime. I will be exploring four different areas related to this topic in order to understand why these countries experience an

Most african countries, especially those sub of the Sahara, gained independence in the late fifties through the nineties. It may be expected that, the countries (at least a majority) on the second largest continent of the world may have made some significant progress in infrastructure, economy, and other aspects of the country and improve the livelihoods of citizens; just like their coequals in other parts of the world. Yet, sub-saharan Africa is home to the majority of the world’s poor ( Moyo, 2009).

Modern African states have several problems ranging from corruption, to armed conflict, to stunted structural development. The effects of colonialism have been offered as a starting point for much of the analysis on African states, but the question of why African states are particularly dysfunctional needs to be examined, given the extent to which they have lagged behind other former European colonies in many aspects. In the first section, I will consider the problems with African states from the level of the state. That is, the nature of the states' inceptions and the underlying flaws may explain some of the issues that have been associated with African states today. Next I examine the development of, or lack of, civil

Africa, the world’s most-largest and second-most-populous continent, is also home to some of the world’s poorest countries. Many of these developing countries lack a stable economy which translates into the individual lives of their citizens. Since many of these countries have an unstable economy with a combination of a corrupt government and corrupt government officials (for example; money laundering amongst oil companies in Angola), they are unable to obtain access to the proper education, there is an absence of a functioning government, they have little to no access to clean and safe water, and the proper medical treatment and treatment facilities are very

It is argued that a country’s development is reinforced by ‘democratic good governance '. ‘Democratic good governance’ refers generally to a political regime based on the model of a liberal-democratic polity, which protects human and civil rights, combined with a competent, non-corrupt and accountable public administration (Dauda and Oladoyin, 2008). I will first look at their different colonial experiences and the governments that took over after these countries became independent. With this I will discuss how different political regimes can influence ‘development’. Secondly, I will look at each country’s economic and social development and argue how the different management of natural resources can have different economic impacts. Thirdly, I will reflect on how Nigeria’s large ethnic groups have affected democratization and economic development in a way that other ethnic groups became to dominate others. With this, I will dispute that Nigeria’s economic and social development has been affected by corruption and lack of accountability. I therefore argue that South Africa is more successful in terms of the level of development and democratization as compared to other Sub- Saharan African countries, especially Nigeria. This is partly due to its long years of colonialism and its post-colonial transition into democracy. Kesselman etal (2013) argues that South Africa’s political