Conservatism And Liberalism

Many politicians argue that there is a need for institutional reform in the United States—the sole purpose of such reform should be to develop a more efficient system for the state as a whole. However, others argue that there are existing institutions in the United States that are structured efficiently. In order to help determine where an individual will stand on the debate about institutional reform, one must compare the effects of different forms of political institutions with the existing form in the United States. There are three new proposals of reform to discuss for the United States: 1) change in the electoral system for the House of Representatives, 2) change in the executive structure

Conservatism is a classic ideology that defends and promote existing traditional arrangement by encouraging structured community is maintained while ensuring common values to the people. They tends to oppose liberalist as the see liberalism as an ideology that preaches individualism rather than encouraging more benefits that a group of people or society can bring to people in general. The benefit would be much, should such group exists and well maintained within the society (Shively,

People’s views on a wide range of issues are influenced or determined by the kind of foundational belief systems they hold. Therefore, the difference in the nature of opinions among individuals or groups of people alludes to the existence of distinct belief systems. In the course of history, the distinction between Liberalism and Conservatism has become more vivid particularly in the political arena where various players have expressed opposing points of view regarding the nation’s future. It is indeed undisputable that the foundational beliefs of Liberalism are diametrically opposed to those of Conservatism. This essay will give a definition of each term and describe how the two oppose each other.

The political system of America is very different from other developed and developing democracies. Most notable is the increased power bestowed on the upper house of the parliament, the extensive power held by the Supreme Court and the dominance demonstrated by only two major parties. In the United States, third parties have the least influence on the world’s most developed democracy’s political structure. In this democracy, people are under the US Constitution of the governmental system as well as state government and other units of local government. Local government entails counties, districts and municipalities. The evolution of the American political party system has come a long way; with Hamilton and Jefferson being regarded as the founder fathers of the modern party system. These were heads of the Federalist and Anti-Federalist groups in the 18th century of American politics. Ever since, the country has maintained a party system that has two main parties that are relatively stable. These are Democrats and Republicans and have remained in contest for election every time since the 1860 presidential elections. Initially, the Republican Party was the dominant party but the Democrats later gained dominance. However, the two parties became closely competitive and neither of them has been notably dominant since the 1970s (O'Connor & Sabato, n.d).

Typically Liberalism can be categorized into two different strands, Classical and Modern (yet some thinkers advocate a third strand that is referred to as Neo-Liberalism), each characterized by their differing and to some extent unavoidably overlapping attitudes regarding the theory behind the ideology and how it should be put into practice. Prior to examining how these relate to one another and before making any comparisons, it is important to give a definition, as best as possible, of Liberalism as a concept.

Although counterintuitive to today’s modern political arena, the Conservative vs progressive fight for dominance of the cultural hegemony enforced onto the citizens have swapped on the ideals supported. Historically the Conservative party was thought to be more progressive in regards to individual rights and the rejection of the power of the central state, whereas the parties that identified with the progressive movement were more idealistic and desired a stronger central state to help bring along a more egalitarian future. Conservative ideals involved wanting to promote the idea of the “common good”, respect for tradition, and often coinciding with Republicanism ideals.

Answer: Liberalism is a theory based on the morality and goodness of humans. It favors

United States Presidential Election is not directly elected by the voters, but electoral candidate votes. That is the reason why over half voters vote Hillary Clinton but Donald J. Trump became the 45th president of the United States. Massachusetts supported Democratic party in the presidential election 2016 with more than sixty percent approval rating without a doubt. In history from 1928 to 2016, Massachusetts has voted 19 times to democratic party and four times to Republic party. Why Massachusetts becomes a real deep-blue state in just shy of past two hundred years？There are three texts illustrate this phenomenon from historical factor and human factor.

Liberalism and conservatism have been political ideas and thoughts from the very birth of our democracy. Their views and points of the government's role in a democratic society have changed over the years, but the basic ideas and principles have remained the same. There are many different degrees of liberalism and conservatism as almost anyone can be labeled. Some individuals are radical and extreme while others stand on more of a neutral territory, but the debates between the understood ideas of each group have continued throughout the history of the United States. We will take liberalism's Gary Doore and conservatism's Irving Kristol as modern day examples and compare and contrast the

Conservatives also consider it important to regulate individual behavior in order to encourage a return to a certain morality. Along with this conservative morality is an agenda that is against sexual education and birth control. In fact, conservatives believe government is to blame for the increase of the incidence of teenage premarital sex in the last few years.

This essay will assess the relationship between liberalism and conservatism by exploring the differences in ideological beliefs of these two ideologies. Ideology can be defined as “set of interrelated and more or less coherent ideas” that constitutes of both “descriptive and normative element” on how a society works (Heywood, 2007, pp. 6-7). One of the most popular ideology in contemporary politics is liberalism which accord individual liberty and free market as its primary priority. On the other hand, conservatism is generally known for advocating tradition, societal state and authority. Firstly, we will look at theories developed by liberalism and conservatism on creation of state. It would then be followed by liberalism’s notion of individuality and individual liberty versus conservatism’s emphasis on individual imperfectionism and need for society. Thereafter, we will observe liberalism and conservatism as political ideology and how it has evolved over time. The essay will be summed up by a conclusion in the end. The terms, liberalism and conservatism mentioned in this essay are intended to be synonymous to their traditional or classical thoughts and beliefs. Every argument presented in this essay are intended to support the claim that liberalism and conservatism are not compatible ideologies. By compatible, I meant being consistent without any disagreements.

Political liberalism emphasizes the social contract, in which citizens make the laws and they all agree to abide by those laws. It is supported on the belief that individuals know what is best for them. Political liberalism grants political representation to all adult citizens regardless of sex, race, or financial status. It highlights the “rule of law” and favors liberal democracy. It works on the principle that individuals are the foundation of rules and civilization. Furthermore, society and its organizations are created and subsist to advance the goals and achievements of individuals, devoid of additional support to elite members of society.

The structure of a governments and party systems are of crucial importance for the functioning and well stable effective government. In this case let’s take example of United States and United Kingdom.

Liberalism is a political philosophy that is founded on the ideas of liberty and equality and controls how a society functions. Since liberalism is expressed as a political ideology, it helps dictate how a nation can achieve its national security, its stable economy and the extent of control a government should possess. The perspective of the source illustrates how government intervention is needed during the threat of national security. Although, during times that national security is not being threatened, the collective society should have the freedom to break from the unnecessary government control. A philosopher such as Rousseau would have agreed with the position of the source as it gave an option of security to the people - but also gave them the choice to break the contract if they believed their rights were being violated. While a philosopher such as Hobbes would have disagreed with the source on the terms that he believed in a monarchy and believed that people needed government control at all times. Furthermore, as liberalism provides people their freedoms but also allows a certain extent of government control, the source should be taken to an full extent on the grounds that government control should only be emplaced considering national security, government control, and economic stability - which is shown through the internment of Japanese-Canadians, the New Deal, and the Patriotic Act.

The moment the founding fathers of the United States officially declared separation from the monarchy of England several policies and ideologies were thought of to be the future of the country. Today we have centralistic ideologies of both Modern liberalism and modern conservatism which are rooted into the path the founding fathers chose. These roots date back to the 17th century up to the early 20th century yet our nation in modern times is rooted into two different political majority parties which carry different ideologies yet similar interests (within themselves). We have to understand these parties and dominant ideologies to even comprehend American politics and understand the similarities and differences of ideologies of parties. Both ideologies of modern conservatism and modern liberalism are rooted within classical liberalism/conservatism and how it has evolved into our modern day versions according to factors of present and past-day along with how it evolved in other countries (England). Along with that we see how our majority parties have adopted ideologies of these beliefs and how our politics have been influenced by these ideals.