Conservative Helix Loop Helix : A Protein Kinase

ULK1 was also tested in vitro in order to determine it could serve as a direct AMPK substrate. A kinase inactive kinase allele was made to remove autophosphorylation properties that ULK1 may have. Also, ULK1 phosphorylation by AMPK was compared to raptor – an established substrate. In addition, the group also created phosphospecific antibodies that acted against Ser 467 and Ser 555. This was done in order to understand phosphorylation under the absence of energy stress.

Psoriasis: This is a common, chronic and recurring skin disorder that changes and alters the life cycle of skin cells. It causes cells to accumulate quickly on the skin surface. The extra cells from the skin forms a thick, itchy, silvery scale and a red patch. It can appear at any part of the body such as the knee, scalp, elbow etc. it is treated with drugs applied to the skin, ingested and with ultraviolet radiation. This disease has affected about 1%-5% of the world population and it is more common to the light skinned people. Psoriasis may persist throughout a person’s life as it comes and goes but it is usually reduced during the summer period when the skin is exposed to ultraviolent radiation and flare ups are common during

Second, in order to further confirm the information about characteristics and function of the targeting protein that we have

Until the early 1980s, psoriasis was believed to be a disease primarily of epidermal keratinocyte proliferation and the cutaneous inflammatory infiltrate to be a secondary event. However, subsequent studies presented evidences that innate as well as adaptive immunity are crucial in the initiation and maintenance of psoriatic plaques. Type 1 and type 17 T lymphocytes secrete respectively (IFN-γ), (IL-2), IL-17, IL-22, in addition to TNF-α and IL6 (Gisondi and Girolomoni 2009).

Background: Plaque psoriasis is a painful autoimmune disease that affects up to 3% of the US population.1 Moderate-to-severe psoriasis can have significant psychological and physiological effects on a person’s health and although psoriasis can be controlled, it cannot be cured, so medications play an important role in reducing related comorbidities and improving patients’ quality of life.2

Psoriasis is a inflammatory and hyper proliferative disease of the skin, which is caused by the immune system. The immune system is overactive causing for cells to be produced at a faster rate than normal. Someone with Psoriasis immune system will attack their skin cells causing for damage in the skin. The Immune system produces T-cells which aid in recognizing foreign invaders and attacking them. However, with psoriasis the T-cells mistakenly identify skin cells as invaders and attack them. Furthermore, the attack on the skin cells leads to skin damage causing for the body to produce skin cells at a higher rate. The integumentary which is responsible for the production of skin cells is affected and goes in hyper drive. Normally, it would take approximately, a month to produce new skin cells, however, when someone has Psoriasis skin cell production is at a higher rate. Psoriasis causes for new skin cells to be produced at faster rate causing for skin cells to surface in 3-4 days. The body cannot shed skin cells at that rate which causes for old skin cells to pile up and cause flakey watched know as plaques. Scientist have discovered five different forms of psoriasis.

Inflammatory Diseases, in today's society pretty much everyone has heard of at least one of them. Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, the list of disorders goes on and on, and their effects can range from mild to life-altering. They all have one thing in common however, individuals with these diseases have overactive immune systems which then begin to attack the body's healthy cells. As the numbers of individuals with inflammatory diseases continues to rise the question then becomes, how did these disorders of the immune system begin in the first place? This article seeks to provide some answers to this question by detailing the work

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder, easily identified by its symptoms of white, scaly skin and red lesions, though not so easily cured or understood. In psoriasis, skin cells mature faster than the body can shed them, causing a buildup. Although there are many theories as to what the cause of such a disease might be – genetics, stress, or other triggers – no one is quite sure why the disease occurs, or what could be a possible way to fully cure it. In this essay we will explore the symptoms, types, and effects of this condition, and also some of the known treatments.

Three hypotheses exist for the etiopathogenesis of PSC: PSC as a genetic disease, PSC as an autoimmune disease, and PSC as an inflammatory reaction to bacterial/infectious agents. (4) However, there is no one unifying hypothesis as to the etiopathogeneis of PSC and some overlapping of the hypotheses leading to difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of

So far, 25 genetic variants have been identified that make a person more susceptible to getting psoriasis (Genes, 2015). Based on these findings, it has been determined that about 10% of the population are a carrier of one of these genetic variants, but only 2-3% of the population will experience a trigger that causes the disease to present itself. These triggers include stress, skin injuries, certain medications, and infection (specifically a correlation has been found between the streptococcus bacterium and patients that present with psoriasis) (Psoriasis, 2015; Genes 2015). Of the people who are diagnosed with psoriasis, 30% will develop psoriatic arthritis. This condition comes with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, depression, cancer, crohn’s disease, and

Psoriasis entails a lasting inflammatory skin disorder made up of raised areas of thickened skin and lesions made up of dead skin cells. It’s gamut of clinical composition results from the relationship of immunological factors, environmental and hereditary (Di Meglio, Villanova, & Nestle, 2014). This type of skin issue can have various degrees of seriousness from being slightly noticeable to influencing an individual’s life quality. Treatment doesn't rely on upon the specific sort, it relies on the complication of the skin disorder. Being an endless disorder, it has a repetitive nature with the worsening stage, described by unmistakable appearances of manifestations, exchanging the remission phase, and side effects get milder or are not felt

(Naruse et al., 2000) The other detected allele is the tumor necrosis factor allele (TNFA2) that is associated with increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha. (Birnie, Nery, Ha, & Beanlands, 2016)

As previously stated, Psoriasis is caused by a mistaken trigger in the Immune system. “Normally, T cells help protect the body against infection and disease.” (NIAMS, 2013) When the disorder triggers the immune system, it causes the T cells to activate and trigger other immune responses. This will develop the redness and scaling of the

Although biologics are considered to be some of the promising new psoriasis treatments, they are not compatible with everyone. They may cause severe effects to some individuals. Due to the serious risks, they pose, careful consideration must be taken before using them to battle

Psoriasis was copied from the Greek word psora, which means “to itch” (Jean, 2011). Psoriasis is a chronic, long lasting autoimmune skin disease that disturbs the speed of the growth cycle in skin cells (Stress-Related Disorder Sourcebook, 2016). Normal, healthy skin cells replace dead skin cells every twenty-eight to thirty days (Langley, 2005). Skin is the largest organ in the body. It protects from the environment, regulates body temperature, helps coordinate immune system regulation, function of touch sensations, waterproof, and prevents toxin substances from entering the body (Langley,2010). Psoriasis effects greater than three percent