Considerations Before Becoming a Single Mother

The Canadian Criminal Justice System is, for the most part, reflective of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and various Supreme Court of Canada case-law. Everyone who finds themselves on the opposing end of the Criminal Justice System is entitled to certain protections every step of the way, beginning even before the arrest; laws protect us from unreasonable investigative techniques, guarantee certain rights at point of arrest, and provide us with the right to counsel. The bail court departs from the ‘beyond reasonable doubt’ standard in that the crown only needs to prove on a balance of probabilities (Kellough, 1996, p. 175) in order to take away a person’s freedom. It is for this reason I decided to limit the scope of my

How to appropriately and fairly carry out criminal justice matters is something that every country struggles with. A major reason for this struggle is the fallibility of the justice system. It is acceptable to concede that the possibility of human error in every case and investigation may lead to a wrongful conviction. In the case of David Milgaard, however, Canada's Criminal Justice System not only erred, but failed grievously, resulting in millions of dollars wasted, in a loss of public confidence in the system, and most tragically, in the robbery of two decades of one man's life. Factors including, but not limited to, the social context at the time of the crime, the social perception of deviance, the influence of the media, and the

Cases of abuse towards women are not investigated enough and often result in improper outcomes. Imprisonment of minority women and disabled women adds to the cycle of poverty and crime. There is mass incarceration in Canada due to discriminatory sentencing based on new laws, income, race, and gender. Recent changes to the Criminal Code and changes under the conservative government during the past 8 years have contributed to the mass incarceration agenda.

Violence has become prevalent within society; it is something the western world has learned to accept. With every minute that passes Canadians come face to face with certain acts of violence they may not have previously encountered (citation). Although, violence is not a subject that one can escape, women and children have unfortunately become the prime victims of violent acts. The media glorifies violence in other countries around the world it fails to address the presence of violence within Canada. Although violence is usually associated with gangs and guns, Canada experiences more violence related to bullying, sexual, verbal, cyber and domestic abuse (citation). Amidst the changing societal views towards treating women equally and

Twenty-nine offences in the Criminal Code have a mandatory minimum sentence of imprisonment time. The majority of these sentences were introduced with Bill C-68, a set of firearms-related legislation introduced in 1995. In addition, there are also mandatory minimum sentences for several other offences, such as child prostitution, betting, pool-making, and impaired driving. Mandatory minimum sentences impose legislated punishments, furthermore, there is no discretion for judges to reduce the sentence for anyone convicted of an offence carrying a mandatory minimum sentence in Canada, which is seen by critics as a major problem in our Canadian legal system. Judges should be given legal discretion in reducing the sentence for accused individuals. A number of cases have dealt with the question of whether minimum mandatory sentences violate section 12 of the Charter. This essay will look at R. v. Latimer in depth, as well as briefly explore some additional issues that mandatory minimum sentences place on Canadian Citizens.

4. The main point of this article is that First Nations peoples along are often mistreated by the justice system in Canada.

The Canadian Criminal Justice System is a system that is rooted in fairness, justice, and equality. It does not discriminate against religion, sex, or race, and it is governed by the rule of equity. All this would suggest that the Canadian Criminal Justice System is one that Canadians can have faith in, knowing that the system will protect everyone: society from the criminals, and innocent people from wrongful incarceration. It is interesting, then, that Canadians actually have quite little faith in the system; a study done by Ipsos-Reid for Justice Canada revealed that “only 17 per cent of respondents had high confidence, while 61 per cent had moderate faith and 22 per cent had low level of trust [in the adult criminal justice system]… and only 15 per cent had a high level, 56 per cent had a moderate level and 30 per cent have low confidence [in the youth justice system].” (Harris) It is through cases such as the Steven Truscott case, the Coffin case, and the Karla Homolka case that Canadian faith in the Justice System weakens, cases where the two former individuals were wrongfully convicted of their charges, and where the latter was given a lenient sentence.

The aspect of the Canadian justice system that this article relates to is obviously policing/ law enforcement. Specifically this article goes into the regulations of policing as Ontario police officers now have to follow stricter regulations when stopping any member of the public. This is important in relation to the Canadian justice system as police officers stopping citizens is considered a controversial issue as people feel random stops or carding are considered arbitrary, and unnecessary, and this violates section 9 of the charter of rights and freedoms which states that “everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned”. (Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms) and Carding is “A practice by which officers stop, question,

The Youth in Criminal Justice Act often gets a bad rap for not being hard enough on its young offenders. There is a divide between those who would like to see these youth rehabilitated, and those who like to see them punished with lengthy prison sentences. The following case of R. v. G.-E.(A.), is a prime example of how difficult it can be to chose the most appropriate sentence for a youth offender with the Youth in Criminal Justice Act in Canada. The following case had two critical issues; should Mr.G’s crime be deemed a serious violence offence (SVO)? , and should he have been tried as an adult? In addition to a critical analysis of the aforementioned issues, this research paper will give a brief description of the case, sentencing and requests by the Crown/Defense Counsel, relevant laws (and their limitations) and alternative sentencing options. Lastly, this paper aims to shed light on all the factors that go into making a final sentence for a youth offenders.

Sentencing provisions in Canadian law are found in s.718.1 and s.718.2 of the Criminal Code, which states that, “sentences must be proportionate to the nature of the offence, reduced or increased depending on the mitigating and aggravating factors, must be similar to sentences imposed on similar offenders for similar offences in similar circumstances, and if the sentence is consecutive, it must not be unduly long or harsh.” Therefore, an offender should not be deprived of their liberty if less restrictive sanctions are available and appropriate. Keeping this is mind, all available sanctions other than imprisonment that are reasonable in the circumstances should be considered with

Canada criminal responsibility a person that is arrested has the right to an attorney and the reason for the arrest must be given in detail. Once under arrest the person has the right to remain silent, if not anything they say would be used as evidence against them. Canada Charter of Rights and Freedoms, ensures that everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search and seizure. “All offences in Canada may be classified as indictable (the more serious) or summary conviction (the less serious)” (Criminal Procedure, n.d.). Any person that is convicted of has the right to a second tribunal.

According to the data from Crime Severity Index in Canada, the severity of these offenses combined has been declining in the past decade due to a significant decline in the severity of non-violent offenses ("Legislative Summary of Bill", 2012). In efforts to address the concerns of

The purpose of this case review is to examine the problems that young aboriginal men such M.N.J face in the Canadian legal system and to find a solution that unlike the imprisonment would be more beneficial to communities and its citizens. So the solution to the vicious cycle would restorative justice which is a philosophy and set to be an intervention that focus less on crime as the breaking of laws than as the harming or breaking of human relationships, restorative justice interventions such as victim-offender mediation, sentencing circles, and family group conferencing are largely organized around the principles of victim participation and offender accountability and reintegration and community participation in local justice practices.

The good news is that you have the power to fix whatever isn’t working in your life. It won’t happen overnight—true success never does. It will take some work. But if you are willing to do the work, you can take control of your life. I truly believe that with hard work, persistence, and a willingness to change and adapt, you can create a better life for you and your kids.

Victimisation is the process of learning the various ways that authority figures determine who is a victim, while also educating the person on how to become the victim. Secondary victimisation, also known as double victimisation refers to the way the state responds to victimisation. The states response has the potential to add further burdens on to the victim. Three main components of the criminal justice system will be focused on in this paper; these are enforcement, adjudication and punishment. This paper will identify why the criminal justice system tend to commit secondary victimisation towards the victims. It will also discuss the pains of victimisation and how secondary victimisation has the ability to amplify these pains. The paper will also identify reforms that have been put in place in order to minimise the occurrence of secondary victimisation.