Construction Of A Memorial, New Tower And Transit System

The tragedy of 9/11 was an ultimate challenge to New York City terms of planning and responding to a constantly changing emergency situation. This paper will discuss the basic historic details of the catastrophic 9/11, to include public administrators and their decisions made during the emergency. It will also review the contingency planning done by New York City prior to 9/11. Ultimately it will review decisions, solutions and problems of the emergency.

The 9/11 attacks happened at three different places; a field in Pennsylvania, the Pentagon, and the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center. The attacks caused a lot of damage to the buildings that were hit by the hijacked planes and it ended up being very costly. The 9/11 terrorist attacks caused enormous destruction in New York City which could cause the

September 11, 2001, millions of New Yorkers and American citizens woke up and started their day, unprepared and unaware for the catastrophic attack that would be taking place in just a few short hours. At 8:46 a.m., Eastern Standard Time, Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower. The impact killed all of the passengers and crew as well as hundreds inside the building. At 9:03 a.m., a second plane, Flight 175, crashed into the corner of the South Tower killing passenger, crew, and workers who worked on floors seventy-five to eighty-three. Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m. killing approximately 185 individuals (History.com Staff). Because of the damaged to the support system, fires, and impact at extremely fast speed, the South Tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m. (Lipton and Glanz). Having heard about the acts of terrorism that had just taken place in New York and Washington, D.C., a group of passengers drove their plane, Flight 93, into a Pennsylvania field killing everyone on board but possibly saving hundreds of other lives in the process. The North Tower collapsed at 10:28 a.m. 102 minutes after being struck (History.com Staff). On September 11, 2001, almost twelve hundred people were wounded or killed by “coordinated suicide attempts” by Al Qaeda terrorists. In result to the four airplanes being hijacked and used for premediated reasons, the United States government instituted new regulations for entering the country and airport security as well as expounded on systems already in place.

initiatives to combat terrorism and defining the presidency of George W. Bush. Nearly 3,000 people were killed during the attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C. The reason why the government would perform such horrible attacks on their own soil is unknown. Some concluded that the attacks were conspired by the United States government to be able to invade Iraq, which just so happens to be enriched with petroleum (McCaffrey, 2016, p. 1). Others say the government conspired the attacks to entice a war. However, the actual reason behind the attacks is not known, but the attacks performed on September 11, 2001, were not solely performed by Osama Bin Laden and other Islamic terrorists. The mysterious rapid findings of the September 11th attacks, the way the towers collapsed, and the strange Pentagon crash further prove the conspiracy theories behind the attacks. Regardless of who performed the attacks, the lives of the 2,977 victims will never be

When most people think of the world trade center they immediately think of the attack that occurred September 11th 2001. Most forget that was not the first time that the world trade center’s had come under attack before. “The February 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City marked the beginning of an ugly new phase of terrorism involving the indiscriminate killing of civilians. ’ Like the saran gas attack on the Tokyo subway in March 1995 and the bombing of the Alfred E. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City in April 4995, the World Trade Center bombing was

The construction was completed in five phases so it would be less disruptive and so that the funding for each section would be secured. “The total cost for the initial three sections and the tunnel, including the right of way, design and administration was $10,627,006. Approximately half of the funding ($5,860,625) came from the City of Seattle, with the remainder from the Washington State Motor Vehicle Fund ($2,459,783) and the Federal Public Roads Administration ($2,306,608).” (HAER).

About 15 minutes after the terrorist drove a plane into the pentagon, the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed, bringing clouds of dust and smoke. Although the two skyscrapers structural steel was made to withstand intense amounts of heat and hurricane like winds, the heat conducted by the jet fuel was just too much. At 10:30 a.m., the other trade center collapsed, with nearly 3,000 people dying that were in the vicinity. In these 3,000 that includes nearly 400 city workers that were trying to evacuate the streets and the people suffocating on the higher

Laying down 26,160 cubic yards of concrete for the tunnel and 180,000 cubic yards of concrete for the roadways. 49,600 tons of Asphalt were also poured for the

Twin Towers as known as World Trade Center in New York, U.S.A. were opened on April 4, 1973, and were destroyed in the 2001. Twin towers were one of the largest trading buildings in the world. Lot’s of people worked for it and visited there. They had almost controlled U.S. economy when they were existed. However, they got attacked on Setember, 2001. The attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group Al-Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks consisted of suicide attacks used to target symbolic U.S. landmarks. Due to the attacks many bad effects were occured. First, hundreds of thousands of tons of toxic debris containing more than 2,500 contaminants, including known carcinogens, were spread across Lower Manhattan due to the collapse of the Twin Towers. And this toxic debris led to allocating $4.2 billion to create the World Trade Center Health Program. Second, the attacks had a significant economic impact on U.S.A. and world markets. The stock exchanges didn’t open until September 17, 2001. It dropped the value of U.S. dollars. Third, as a result of the attacks, many governments across the world passed legislation to combat terrorism. They did much more care of terrorists than before 9/11 attacks. Seeing these situations, we can notice how 9/11 attacks were.

Approximately six year later, the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center turned the United States upside down. The incident killed over 2,500 people, while damaging a substantial amount of the surrounding structures in downtown Manhattan making the accessibility of the surrounding areas nearly impossible. Courts in the affected area were closed for several days and even weeks as the event made communication, personnel, and public access highly difficult to obtain (Birkland & Schneider, 2007). Security and emergency planning was no longer a question of whether or not to consider, but instead they became the highest priority of all federal and state agencies at future risk following the attack.

While under Mr. Tobin administration he created the World Trade Center department. This department would be responsible for development, planning, construction, and organization of the World Trade Center. Mr. Tobin appointed Mr. F. Tozzoli for the job because of his hardworking and educational background. Mr. Tozzoli was a man of action and a dreamer and conducted himself in many project to oversee the success. He need to find a successful team to head out the project WTC and he hired tough guy Malcolm Levy to direct the staff of different engineers and architects. Mr. Tozzoli felt he found his team because he stated “If you were going to build the world’s biggest project, you have to have a tough team” (Gillespie 41). He went on to find a new architect for the project after firing the architectural firm Skidmore, Owens, and Merrill. The Port Authority had finally found Minoru Yamasaki from Settle to lead the program for the trade center. They gave him free range on the construction and design but this was his first tall creation. Yamasaki has done some project before but nothing on a massive scale like the World Trade Center. Yamasaki went through dozens of draw ups and began creating models. First it was two buildings then a set of models one tall building then another

Everyone knew the two iconic buildings that stood in New York City. Located in the heart of Manhattan the twin towers were finished in 1973. Both buildings stood had 110 stories, and had over 10 million square feet of space. Each day more than 50,000 people worked in the towers and over 200,000 people came to the visit the towers. The construction for the twin tower began in February of 1967. The ground in Manhattan was mostly landfill the engineers building the project had to dig around 70 feet to reach solid bedrock. All in all, 1 million cubic yards of landfill had to be removed. The Port Authority used this landfill to create the $90 million worth of land that would become Battery Park City. The large trenches that were dug were filled

On November 3, 2014, thirteen years after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, which destroyed the twin towers and killed thousands of people, the new One World Trade tower is officially open for business. The One World Trade tower, also known as “Freedom Tower”, finally has its first residents. There has been apprehension by many people in the weeks and months leading up to the opening of this historical new building. By all accounts, the opening went off without a hitch, despite apprehension from several camps. Everyone involved in the opening did a fantastic job of making sure that people felt safe and were excited for this historical event.

After the September 11 attacks, plans were quickly drawn up to rebuild the World Trade Center. After a contest was held to redevelop the complex, a proposal from architect Daniel Libeskind was selected as the winner in 2002. At the centerpiece of Libeskind’s proposal was a new signature tower for the complex intended to soar to a symbolic 1,1776 feet into the air.

Planning is everything - one of the biggest causes of delays in construction projects is a delay in material supply, or a lack of staffing.