Introduction
When constructing or refurbishing, the client needs to choose for a type of Procurement. Procurement is the process of obtaining goods and services. It is a term which describes the activities undertaken by a client or employer who is seeking to bring about the construction or refurbishment of a building”. (The Joints Contract Tribunal n.d.).
In most of cases, the client starts the procurement process by evaluating the benefits, costs and the risks of the project. Each method has individual strengths and weakness. “The client’s policies, resources, organisational structure and preferred contractual arrangements will all need to be taken into account in choosing the right procurement method for their project. (Deciding on
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The documents are quite used in the industry and the parties involved in the construction usually find the contract terms are easy to follow, resulting in less misunderstanding. It is important to have all the rules formalised in a contract, as the obligations and responsibilities of each party will be very clear, knowing who is doing it, when and for how much. ”Contractors may have partial or total design responsibilities, and in addition may undertake demanding management and coordinate roles, patterns of working have never been so diverse (Clamp, Cox & Lupton, 2007).
The next step, will be looking at Traditional procurement route:
Traditional procurement:
“ The traditional or conventional procurement method has been a standard practice in the construction industry for 150 years, following the emergence of general contracting firms and independent client consultants (Deciding on the appropriate JCT contract, 2011). The main feature in this method is, the design process is done separated of construction. The client has full responsibility over the designs and needs to work within an architect or designer to make it ready, as well as work schedules, bills of quantities and other specifications. However, it is the consultant who is responsible for payments and administrative subject attributed to valuations. As soon as all the documentation is done, it is time to select a contractor, which is normally done by a very competitive tendering.
In this method, the design and the construction roles are combined into a single responsibility and the team is referred to as the Design Build Contractor. The architect is under contract to the contractor and not the owner. The advantages of this method are that the owner is dealing with one contract for the design and construction and does not get involved in the details of the design and construction. The design can be accomplished according to the budget and easily be changed if necessary. Since the maximum price is set in an early stage, this method is faster than the design-bid-build and the construction manager method. However, there are drawbacks to this approach. Since the architect and contractor report to the design/build firm, a conflict is created between the owner and the design/build firm. Also, as the design and construction roles are part of the same team, this can lead to a disadvantage. As the owner is no longer dependent on the architect, the architect’s judgement is no longer provided to the owner and this leads to quality control problems. (what I think if this is the best method or
Following the RFP, the City of Ottawa must choose a contract for the post. The RFP outlines the the procurement process and states that the purchase of construction services must be in accordance to the City of Ottawa’s Purchasing
Developers are the first to be involved in the purchase of a parcel of land, financing and project feasibility. Once the use of the parcel is identified, a team of architects and contractors put together a set a drawings for building permit application. The local government jurisdiction then analyses the documents for code compliance to a set of building codes that has been created by even more engineers and government officials. Once approved, the drawings are released as approved documents for construction to contractors, subcontracts and engineers. During the construction process, the local government provides inspections to the project to ensure that the building is being completed per the specifications of the architect and engineer. Finally, the building is completed and approved for occupancy by tenants, who then hire insurance complies to insure their final product. The entire construction process is governed by a set of complex code requirements. Most typically from the International Building Code as written and adopted by the International Code Council. As stated in the introduction, these codes are the result of a generation of building disasters, which have been adopted by the States building division and enforced by the local jurisdiction. All parties in the process must interact with the code requirements, but
Through tendering it should be conducted systematically and involve a score matrix with standardised to bid/or not bid questions that will assist in determining whether to advances whilst removing personal opinion from the equation. It is vital that the mandatory requirements are reviewed for the bid some of which may include contractors
Clough, Richard H, Glenn A. Sears, S K. Sears, Robert O. Segner, and Jerald L. Rounds. Construction Contracting: A Practical Guide to Company Management. , 2015. Print.
Choosing construction management as a procurement strategy means the client is responsible for leading the
Choosing the most suitable procurement method for the specified construction project is a long term hard decision; it is a
Design and Build – The contractor is single point responsibility with the contractor, where they put across a design with a tender and if they are successful they win the tender.
This paper includes a description of the procurement planning process. The most valuable output of the plan procurement process will be identified. Furthermore, the various contract types will be explained. A source criterion that would be applicable to any project will be described and three criteria that would apply to most projects will be identified. An analysis of the ethical
Procurement by public entities is guided by primary law principles of transparency, equal treatment and non-discrimination, procurement laws sets up an extensive legal framework regarding the procurement of work, supply and service contracts. There are two main reasons for the use of specific procedures i.e. why contracting authorities do not just negotiate or simply buy from the closest supplier. First, it provides for more public accountability and therefore less cases of corruption practices. Additionally, tendering procedures aim to ensure the best value for money by making it necessary for suppliers to act highly competitive. As a result, market mechanisms will help in facilitating the best possible practices. In situations where market mechanisms are not effective, tender procedures might lose their effectiveness as well. If for example there is lack of competition due to certain complexities or as a result of lower bidder interest, negotiations with just one or two suppliers may be the most efficient manner to handle the process. Therefore, we discuss the inherent advantages and disadvantages of sealed bidding and contracting by negotiation as procedural frameworks for tendering.
This type of procurement strategy is a ‘fast track’ strategy. Client pays a sum of money to hire a management contractor to manage the whole construction project. Therefore, some early work can be carried out before the design is complete. The contract for the construction projects are between the management contractor and sub contractor. The final cost for the project can not be identified until the final work has been awarded.
Client and the contractor have same priorities. Basically, contractor will make the decision in turnkey approach and client will just accept in silent. In this project, the contractor and the client have the same focus and priorities therefore the relationship between the contractor and client is good and there is no overruns or communication problems between both sides.
In construction projects, mostly the firms (in this case the firms become client) do not have the skills or develop skills inside the firms to undertake the projects due to amount of the projects should be conducted or the complexity of the projects (Reve and Levitt, 1984). Therefore, the economic decision to conduct the projects is to procure them to third parties. However, more commonly the client agonize the final quality of the projects will meet standard requirements. Thus, impacts to involvement of complex contracts of construction procurement.
Keeping all this in mind, builders have to work alongside clients to satisfy their project needs. Projects are also being built quicker because of the demand to occupy them instantly.
Procurement management is the processes to purchase or acquire the products, services or results needed from outside the project team to perform the work. Project Procurement Management involves not just purchasing products, services or results, but also ensuring that those that are purchased are right for the project, meets standards and is based on project requirements. This life cycle includes tracking from order through deployment and completing with invoice reconciliation.