Contemplating Sartre's No Exit
In No Exit, Sartre provides a compelling answer to the problem of other minds through the medium of drama. He puts two women (Inez and Estelle) in one hotel room with one man (Garcin) for all of eternity. This is his concept of hell, and he makes this point in one of the last few lines of the play: "Hell is--other people!" There are no torture racks or red-hot pitchforks in hell because they're after "an economy of man-power--or devil-power if you prefer." Each person is there (in hell) for a specific reason: Garcin because he cheated on and tormented his wife, Estelle because she killed her own child and her lover, then committed suicide, and Inez because she tormented (female) lover until that
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It is important to note that Garcin's main fear in life was the fear of being cowardly, and this motivated the majority of his actions, e.g. most of his actions were preformed to demonstrate to himself and others that he is/was "manly"; for instance, his conquests of multiple women, his domination and degradation of his wife, and the way he "courted danger at every turn." However, he performed a cowardly action (fled the country when war broke out) which, when he was caught, led to a cowardly death which he defines as merely "a physical lapse."
Additionally, Estelle finds another way to seek approval: she needs Garcin's approval (as the only man there) to establish her superiority over Estelle as an object of desire, by comparison with Inez, the lesbian.
Finally, Inez does the same thing, although in a different form, as Estelle and Garcin. She seeks approval over Estelle as a strong, dominant, hones woman, as compared to Estelle, who is a weak, subservient, dishonest woman. Although Inez criticizes Estelle for having a male-dominated personality (which since Inez is a lesbian, she does not), Inez does not realize that she herself has an other-dominated personality.
No Exit also does a fine job of expressing Sartre's idea of negation in his philosophy of existentialism. Each person negate the person who is attracted to her through the process of denying that person. However, each person also negates the person whom the
As he tries to enlighten the remaining prisoners he is received with anger and threats. Nothing is learned about the characters as individuals. They remain nameless, faceless images. In contrast, there are numerous characters in the Inferno. The sinners are arranged in
“In “No Exit”, a great play by Sartre, there existed a mixture of both authentic and inauthentic characters. The play begins by Garcin entering an exceptionally secretive room joined by the room-valet. Minutes after the fact, the room-valet goes with Inez and after that Estelle into the same room. They have all been conveyed to the hereafter room for their damnation. They begin examining what” happened to “bring every one here or at the end of the day how did each of them kick the bucket. Every takes swing to talk their contemplations; however the returns are not completely clear at first. Estelle declines to feel that she is broken and believes that she could have been conveyed here by slip-up and tries to persuade everybody in the room
A foil for Adele Ratignolle, Mademoiselle Reisz serves as a living example of an entirely self-sufficient woman, who is ruled by her art and her passions, rather than by the expectations of society. A small homely woman, unmarried and childless, Mademoiselle Reisz is a talented pianist and somewhat of a recluse. She represents the anti-mother along independence and freedom. The first time she is introduced in the novel she is introduced as being “eccentric and quarrelsome”, from that we are able to infer that she is unlike the other women. Later as the novel continues to progress from her house and manner of expression we are again able to infer that she is unlike the other Creole women. For her home is an apartment above everyone, with a view, that is disagreeable and often cold. Mademoiselle Reisz is the woman that Edna could have become should she have remained independent of her husband and children and lived to old age.
The relatively open and honest (less suppressed)culture of the Creoles is one which catalyzes her human sensibilities. Who could blame her? Especially Madame Ratignolle, and the way Chopin describes her sensuousness and warmth, would be compelling features it seems for anyone to be attracted to and to want, almost unconsciously, to emulate. Second, the attentive nature of Robert LeBrun is so marked and attractive when compared with Leonce’s domineering, controlling, even neglectful ways in which he treats (and does not treat) his family, (but with a measure of trying to placate them as the result of his own selfishness at Klein’s). When he wins, he forgets all about the candy and peanuts he promised his children. With Edna, he is talkative, but not attentive. Still, though, Edna is culturally in over her head when it comes to the sensual honesty and astonishingly implicit trust of these men to let their wives do what they do at this time in history. Thus far, I see an ostensibly lethal combination of Mme R and Robert working, however innocently in Edna’s life.
She has more insight to racism when she attended school and the kids began bullying her because of how skinny and unhealthy she is. Another example of racism is when a young African-American named Dinitia also begins bullying her until she sees Jeannette being compassionate to a young African-American boy. Jeannette has a new understanding with sexuality when she experiences different situations. The first example is when she is forcedly kissed and almost raped by Billy Deel, the second when she sees Erma, her father’s mother, sexually molesting Brian, and the final example is when she distracts an older man when her and Rex was at the bar. Another reason that does not happened to her or what she witnessed, but it affects her, is when she finds out that Dinitia is pregnant and is sent to jail when she stabs the person that had gotten her
Throughout her early childhood, she ignores her father's drunken escapades, and thinks of him as a loving father and excellent teacher of the wild. It isn't until her junior year of high school that she realizes the indisputable flaws her father has. She resents Dad's drinking and how he constantly lets her and the rest of the family down yet never openly admits it or allows his flaws to be discussed. Jeannette also begins to resent her mother, whom she’s never been close to. Some cause of her resentment includes her mom’s refusal to hold down a job long enough to provide her kids with a stable food supply, especially since Rex won’t be providing like he says he will. This resentment eventually motivates her to move away from her parents and Welch. She ends up in New York City with her sister Lori in which she focuses on her studies and becomes a successful journalist. Jeannette is a natural forgiver and it shows even when she moves away from her parents, but this doesn’t stop her from being haunted by her past and with her transition from poverty into the upper-middle class. By the end of the novel, Jeannette is a symbol of the resilience and
Furthermore, the ability to blend in is a power the author gives the protagonist to be a temptress to men to get them to have an affair with her, or something that is not serious, because of her fear of commitment. Early on in Clemencia’s life, her mother told her
Robert Herrick, an English poet, once said, “Hell is no other but a soundlesse pit, where no one beame of comfort peeps in it.” Picture any type of Hell with relief, happiness, or even the smallest crack of a smile. There is no place. In fact, one can only think of the complete opposite, whether it is a Hell filled with neglect, pain, disgust, or a never-ending life of horror. This is the place created by Dante Alighieri; The Inferno is exactly the type of Hell where no person would want to be. Even those who acted upon the lightest of sins suffered greatly. While each realm contained a different sinner, the punishment that each were forced to face was cruel, repulsive, and sometimes rather disgusting. Through grieving tears without an
The play No Exit, by Jean-Paul Sartre, is about three people that die and go to hell. Joseph Garcin, a journalist executed by a firing squad for trying to desert during a war; Inez Serrano, a post-office clerk murdered by her lover which left a gas stove on while she slept; and Estelle Rigault, a woman who married an older rich man and died due to pneumonia. They all expected physical torture in hell. However, all they found was a plain room with some furniture that always had the light on, no windows, no beds, and nothing that would reflect or work as a mirror. The three of them were trapped inside the room. After discussing among themselves, they confessed their crimes and deduced that the torture was psychological. They also realized that they had been placed together so that each of them was to become the torturer of the other two. Each character began to ask things from the others to fulfill a need they all had, which only led them to more despair. Due to this, Garcin concluded that “hell is other people” (pag26). A. Petrusso argues in his article “No Exit” that the three main characters of the play have in common a display of cowardice. Certainly, all of them seem to be cowards at some moment and one character exhibits it more than the others. He also argues that certain actions and behaviors are merely the cowardice of the character when in fact, it rather seems more like fear. The examples and arguments used by Petrusso seem to simply catalog the main characters as
He states that existence comes before essence, meaning that man must exist before there is any conception of it. “We mean that man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world – and defines himself afterwards” (Sartre 28). This thought conveys that a human starts with nothing and will become nothing unless he wills himself to become something. Over time humans will begin to define who and what they are by their actions and choices.
“Letting go gives us freedom, and freedom is the only condition for happiness. If, in our heart, we still cling to anything—anger, guilt, or possessions—we cannot be free” by Zen Master, Thich Nhat Hanh. As humans, we do not always find the will to let go of the things that doesn’t serves us. Finding the will to trust and let go of what no longer serves a purpose in life such as anxieties, fears, old emotion, and baggage can drag one down thus preventing happiness to occur. When you let go, you make room for better things – things that are more suited for your life now. When you learn to let go, you live with greater ease. Freewill is important to human existence and thought. Laws and guidelines are set out as a suggestion on how to lead life.
No Exit, a play written by Jean-Paul Sartre that debuted in 1944, has many similar themes to the movie The Breakfast Club, written and directed by John Hughes. The play No Exit is perceived as taking place in literal Hell and describes the interactions between those who have died and have been placed in a room together. In The Breakfast Club, students have been put in a metaphorical “hell,” detention, and spend a full day together in the school’s library. For characters in No Exit, trying to deal with other creates a living hell and ends with each of the characters hating one another because they do not help each other; while in The Breakfast Club the characters end up accepting each other after going through the same “hell” because they learn and accept each other.
In his play, No Exit, Jean-Paul Sartre examines basic themes of existentialism through three characters. The first subject, Garcin, embraces existentialist ideas somewhat. The second character, Inez, seems to fully understand ideas deemed existential. Estelle is the third person, and does not seem to understand these ideas well, nor does she accept them when they are first presented to her. One similarity amongst the three is that they all at some point seem to accept that they are in Hell for a reason.
bullets, I imagined their burning hail through my body. All that was beside the real
Jean Sartre uses elements of existentialism in No exit to function as a metaphor for the hellish impact of war. Sartre employs imagery, allusion, and imprisonment in order to express the tragedies and complexities of living under Nazi occupation.