Contemporary Ethics

Many of the current differences we see today between the federal, state and local law enforcement intelligence stemmed from prior to the September 11 attack. Prior to this attack many states lacked a robust intelligence capability, as it was the primary role of federal agencies to protect the United States from both foreign and domestic terrorist threats. In an attempt to mitigate future attacks of this nature state, local, and

Various factors like the nature of bureaucratic organizations, unsuccessful diplomacy, lack of military actions, legislators, the uneven structure of the Federal government, advances in technology, backdrops of police surveillance, and policy formation promote organizational problem s in U.S intelligence communities. Intelligence officials and law enforcement experts have made conscious effort in handling terrorist threats before 9/11 attack. Unsuccessful diplomacy and the uneven structure of the Federal government accelerated organizational problems and absence of information sharing among the intelligence agencies. U.S Intelligence strategies have failed to recognize their new enemy and intelligence agencies lacked resources and manpower. U.S Intelligence agencies like CIA, FBI, and National Security Agency have faced organizational crisis from the side of Federal government and bureaucrats, and this organizational crisis contributed failure in their activities.

Congress built upon the reforms of the 1970s by passing the Intelligence Oversight Act in 1980. This Act was an amendment to the Hughes-Ryan Act and obligated the IC to report covert actions to both the SSCI and the HPSCI prior to their implementation, unlike the ambiguous previous requirement of a timely manner. The Intelligence Oversight Act was noteworthy in that it constrained the intelligence community more than any previous legislation (Riley 2010). The two biggest shortfalls I see to the system is the number of contributors there are to the system on such a large scale. When I think about all of the redundancy built within the system, I think about all of the possible breakdown in communications that could take place. The second shortfall I see is the legislative leverage that is held over the Intelligence community. I personally believe this to be a mistake because this power could be held in a negative manner and to gain a political stance or agenda. The Congress can withhold money and resources, can leak information to the media and which could cause a mission or operation to

The 1776 united States of America Declaration of Independence contain the words that succinctly describe our national objective, strategy, and message, “We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.” In today’s United States of America, the world acknowledges American’s as the preeminent owner of individual freedoms, holding and promoting these three basic principles for some 240 years. During these years, the U.S. has employed the use of intelligence to shape its objectives and strategies, and then in times of war used the same intelligence to shape strategic messages against foreign powers. However, as hostilities decline and give way to the restoration of relative peace, the use of intelligence for strategic messages against foreign powers ceases. Under these circumstances, the void created by secession of U.S. messages, provides a communication opportunity to foreign powers for transmission of anti-U.S. messages. Attempts have been made to reinstate the offices that during war countered these anti-U.S. messages to a comprehensive reorganization of the U.S Government intelligence community. This paper does not support creation of a new agency or department to utilize existing strategic intelligence.

The government became consciously aware of what could possibly happen. Work was done to improve our Intelligence Agencies policies and procedures to allow for them to work together. Emphasis is placed on the observation of the various

The United States (U.S) Intelligence community has come a long way since the revolutionary war. After winning independence from England, the U.S would not invest much into intelligence or foreign policy until the 20th century. Foreign policy was simply not a priority for our young nation, having an ocean on eastern and Western boarders of the country severely limited potential threats. President Franklin D. Roosevelt would be the first president since Washington to understand the importance of intelligence and lay the groundwork for what we now consider national intelligence. Unfortunately, it has taken two catastrophic failures in intelligence for the U.S to realize the need for good intelligence and take steps to improve itself. The

Consolidation of the intelligence community under the DNI increases collaboration by inculcating a culture of “jointness”, similar to collaborative efforts by the military services following the Goldwater-Nichols reform. Second, establishment of the National Intelligence Coordination Center (NIC-C) provides DNI with a way to coordinate and focus collection efforts across the intelligence community. Lastly, The Library of National Intelligence provides a means for analysts across the intelligence community to gain access to additional sources.

The attack on 9/11 was one of the most deadly attacks the United States has ever faced. After the wake of the attack the government used every resource they could to keep this country safe. International intelligence was one of them. This solution worked for a while and the FBI was able to see how terrorists were communicating and any plans they had. However, as time has past international intelligence has gotten wrong information and terrorists are finding new ways to communicate. The effectiveness of this program is now being questioned as to whether it will help the fight against terrorism.

The essential role that the intelligence community play is to reduce uncertainty and provide information regarding any potential threats to the national security that made upon the people in the United States. The National Security is responsible for ensuring that the majority of the nation is implementing programs across of the agencies (Oliver, W. M., Marion, N. E., & Hill, J. B. 2015). When having the proper training and understanding it can make it much easier to deal with the proper handling of any incident that might occur and proper training on the preparation. Homeland security in itself is very complex to understand the full involvement of their position, but it is known for certain that their position is extremely important. The

Intelligence is often defined as accurate and timely information that assists our nation’s senior leadership in making knowledgeable decisions to prepare for and counter any developing threats against the security of the United States and its citizens. Intelligence is collected in response to requirements levied on the intelligence community by senior policy makers, the military, and law enforcement agencies. It plays a crucial role in our ability to detect and prevent threats against the United States.

Since 9/11 there has been a growth within the intelligence community allowing individuals access to important information. This creates thousands more vulnerabilities within the intelligence community and gives opportunities for people to become “whistle blowers”. Edward Snowden is a particularly good example of how the information age has made it possible for an insider to cause significant damage without any affiliation with a foreign intelligence Service. Counterintelligence measures must be applied to help maintain a vigorous technological superiority over our

The intelligence community itself has made a major shift of how it operates, what are its priorities and its ability to protect the nation in the entry of the 21st century. The attacks on 9/11 greatly changed the way we see the world now and has shown major flaws within the intelligence community. Those events led the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and with it pooled federal agencies into in umbrella for it to be centralized in order to be effective. There are three categories in which the Homeland Security Intelligence face in the 21st century. Those categories are technological, political, and cyber security.

“Intelligence can be divided into four broad activities: collection, analysis, convert action, and counterintelligence.” (Lowenthal, pg.14). These activities are used in different forms for example, collection is utilized on espionage, and counterintelligence is found in almost every agency for analysis. It also exists several major historical developments for example, creation of COI and OSS, Pearl Harbor, The National Security Act, and The terrorist attacks. The creation of COI and OSS were important because this organizations were influenced by British practices called covert actions, and because by 1940 the United Stated did not have a national intelligence establishment. OSS organization served as a training ground, and was used in a technical term; however, OSS had several difficulties with the U.S military because of their way to operate intelligence. During Pearl Harbor, United States’ intelligence system worked poorly, because they did not shared the necessary information with another agencies, and this caused a blind mirror between Tokyo and US. Major historical developments as the National Security Act, made the intelligence function permanent, even when some of their aspects did not work in a good way, and this act structure included a secretary of defense and National Security Council. The terrorist attacks on September 2001, changed United States’ Intelligence, and their organization. United States were not prepared for that kind of attacks, and these attacks had major legislative responses for example, the U.S.A PATRIOT ACT that took steps to improve domestic intelligence. According to James Burch, The area of domestic intelligence raises several issues. First, law enforcement and intelligence operate in different worlds – one seeks to prosecute, the other to gather information. 3 Second, with the development of multiple state fusion

How does the Intelligence Community (IC) thwart the growing challenges of transnational criminal organizations, terrorist organizations and their associated nefarious activities which impact U.S. National Policy, international laws, and not to mention the innocent lives lost surrounding those events? We take notice in this week’s readings and resources that Open Source Intelligence is a significant to the expansion of strategic intelligence amongst DoD agencies, law enforcement, private sector, media, and the government due to its unrestricted, legal, methods and wide-open sources allowing cross-leveling of information without clearance requirements (need-to-know), and secretive world of the IC unlike that of the technical intelligence collections. Human Intelligence (aka

In linking with the intelligence as one of the key elements in counterterrorism efforts, there is a big question for the intelligence community regarding what portion that they can contribute in developing the so-called resilient community? While realizing that the need to develop better intelligence management—to put more human, technological, and financial capitals—is immediate necessity (Ackerman, 2001), intelligence community should aware that the major objective of intelligence management is not about apprehending the state of terrorism through data mining and covert actions, rather to develop preparedness, vulnerability, and recovery of the society to face and handle the threats and disorders (Scott & Jackson, 2004). Consequently, intelligence should be perceived as an