Contemporary Issues in Management

To be qualified as a multinational company (MNC), two criterions need to be fulfilled. Firstly, it needs to have substantial direct investments in foreign countries. Secondly, these international operations need to be actively managed (Bartlett, Beamish, 2014). Since

Using at least two (2) of the foundational ethical theories studied in Module 2, you should answer the following questions. With each answer, you should discuss the issues and set forth and defend a clear position on whether or not any constraint ought to be placed on the freedom of a business to:

It is believed that for thousands of years, the process of cross cultural buying and selling of goods among people has been continuing in the lands at great distances. Such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. In a similar manner, for centuries, people and organisations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, majority of the features of the current wave of globalisation are similar to those prevailing before the ensuing of First World War in 1914 (Waters, 1995).

Management has changed significantly over the past 50 years. The role of leaders in an organization is an ever changing thing. At one point, a manager was also the owner of the company, and thus used a carrot and a stick to get his employees to work, just like a parent personally invested in the raising of their child. Not anymore. Nowadays, leaders are there to “serve” their employees. The focus is on motivating the individual, achieving organizational goals by integrating each and every individual into the system. We no longer rely on a one size fits all approach, and management theory is no longer focused on having a winning philosophy, or motivating large groups.

Globalization, defined as “a process that aims to expand business operations on a worldwide level, and was precipitated by the facilitation of global communications due to technological advancements, and socioeconomic, political and environmental developments” has been around for ages. However, it is a force that is becoming increasing more relevant in today’s world. In layman’s terms, globalism is the merging or “melting” of individual perspectives and markets into a more global market. As of recently, society has been obsessed with studying globalization. However, the conversation is rarely economical. Globalization is typically looked at as a social or cultural force that is shaping and connecting the world. This is scene in clothing styles, human travel, and popular culture that has become increasingly similar across nations. That sentiment isn’t wrong-globalization does have a cultural side, but many people are missing the economic impacts that this new world is facing. In fact, the economic implications of globalization and how governments legislate to control them leads to significant opportunity, but also huge threat globally.

The different approaches to management have been changed, fine tuned and discarded over the years. In the coming paragraphs we will take a look at the contemporary approaches. We will examine how they compare to each other as well as if they can be utilized in the three types of environments; internal, competitive and macro environment.

I partially agree with this thesis. Just because MNCs are capable of changing a country, they have no obligation to do so. It is not their moral responsibility to do so either. Although they should support just background institutions, they do not have to.

Over the year’s organizations from, all parts of the world have experienced growth in the areas of business. Much of this growth is in part due to multinational companies, many of them enjoying significant benefits. One such area is investment, however it creates benefits for foreign MNCs, and it brings about concern. Perhaps the greatest fear. Fear concerning state owned corporations and the lack of effectiveness of legislation / regulatory enforcement.

Greiner (2014), describes that contemporary globalisation is the expansion of capitalism and international trade, with some of the widest spread examples of globalisation being food, clothing, music, TV shows, video games, and imported cars. Historical examples of globalisation including spice and silk trading differ significantly from contemporary accounts and this can be contributed to specific key factors. Christopherson, Garretson, and Martin (2008) state, that fluctuation of globalisation has been encouraged by five individual elements; locations where goods can be produced and distributed efficiently, technology advances i.e. transportation and communication, reduced cost- long distance transportation, international investments equalling higher capital and lastly, the introduction of policy, including laws and institutional agreements. These five elements all contribute to the distribution and access of cultural products and therefore impact the argument of ‘is globalisation creating a flat world?’, which concerns geography and if the significance of location is becoming redundant and irrelevant due to the cause and effect of spatial interaction (Christopherson, Garretson and Martin,

The prince then finds himself in a sticky situation with the people that put him as leader. The new leader cannot keep the support of those people because it is difficult to meet all of their expectations of improvement. Machiavelli also shows us that the new prince has to handle this softly because he is in their debt. Now that he is in power, the prince has a great risk of losing his new power. Through this notion we can see how a new ruler will always be compared to the former ruler. It is up to the new ruler to eliminate the comparisons made with his predecessor. In order to develop his own legacy, he must structure things differently and change old customs. Machiavelli also highlights how if your predecessor was great, the new ruler must be even better. Machiavelli suggests that new rulers should differentiate themselves from the old, even though people do not always react well to change. In the business world, the same principality is seen for Hollister Co.’s new C.E.O., or in this case C.E.O.s. For instance, pressure was building upon recent C.E.O. Mike Jeffries’s replacement. A new C.E.O. team, Fran Horowitz and Christos Angelids, has been considered to replace Jeffries as head of the Hollister brand. Wall Street Journal clarifies that, “The C.E.O. succession race will likely take years before

The world today is as interconnected and interdependent as never before mainly due to rapid globalization. The process of globalization has long began with human migration and trading of goods (Chanda). More recently, the world has experienced three rapid globalization periods. First, from the Industrial Revolution in Europe that opened up new resourceful lands in many other countries which encouraged the flow of people and foreign investments for productions (Salvatore and Dominick, page 2). The second phase of rapid increase in international trade happened during post WWII when heavy trade protections during the depression period were dismantled (Salvatore and Dominick, page 3). Present, globalization is at another peak development as

For managers to effectively institutionalize their businesses, they must have absolute knowledge of their business environments and the salient issues that may affect the operations of their organizations both within and outside so as to be able to proffer absolute and sustainable solution that will keep them in existence. Some of the issues affecting managers in business are Gender Equality and Work-life balance. This assignment critically analyse the these identified issues, showed their relative importance, their importance to management and their relationship to positive social change.

1.1 Change management is described by Armstrong (1) as “the process of achieving the smooth implementation of change by planning and introducing it systematically taking into account the likelihood of it being resisted”. Change, the fundamental constant in any successful organisation, can be adaptive, reconstructive, revolutionary or evolutionary and can happen for a number of diverse reasons:

There has been an accompanying integration and fusion of national markets, in part through free trade zones such as NAFTA, and often reflected in the escalation of foreign direct investment, including in the less developed world. Reference should also be made to 'cross-border connectivity' - in other words, the development of new information technologies, and the accompanying new ways of buying and selling goods and services. b) Explain the factors that have led to the process of increased globalisation in recent years (40 marks)

The objective of MNC to operate in other countries is to gain competitive advantage through several ways. Firstly, MNC is able to take advantage of difference in country-specific circumstances. For example, MNC may choose to locate its productions in less developed country like Vietnam to gain cheap labor cost. Secondly,