Contextual Factors

2, 2, 0, 5,1, 4,1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 4, 4, 0,1, 4, 3, 4, 2, 1

From a pediatric perspective, the family is an integral part of the healthcare team. Parents are the primary ally and resource in providing individualized care for their child. Even in adult patients, who they are is impacted by the relationships that they have. Serious or chronic illnesses and injuries affect the entire family. The family, then, becomes the patient, particularly when it is necessary to make lifestyle changes.

Five points of area that affect nursing care when taking care of a Chinese patient, are the cultural beliefs with medical treatments, who and when to discuss the prognosis and medical treatment to, dietary beliefs, pregnancies beliefs, and death and dying.

Assistant Professor, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Department of Material and Clinical Health, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. (Received 20 March 1995;revised 13 January 1996;accepted 11 March 1996)

children and families cope and adjust to the challenges of hospital visits. Although a child life

Asian cultures have a very strong family bond and this is very important to them and often surpasses that of an individual. The older family members are rarely questioned and therefore they are often the decision makers and will decide for themselves after being made to go to a hospital that they do not want treatment and all health care providers must respect this decision and be culturally competent in handling the situation. One must not make a patient or family feel bad due to their cultural decisions. We must look at our own beliefs as nurses in order to know what our beliefs are in order to understand those of our patients.

Chamberlain College of Nursing. (2014). NR500 Foundational Concepts and Applications: Week 2 lesson. [Lecture notes]. St. Louis, MO: online publication.

1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 21, 19, 26

According to Erlingsson and Brysiewicz (2015), family is considered a core, social institution and is our first interaction with human beings. When viewing the family as a context, the nurse assesses the patient that is in need of care while in the background, there are the family members of the patient. According to Kaakinen, Coehlo, Steel, Tabacco & Hanson (2015), the source of support to the patient is his or her family members. Usually family members are in attendance with the patient. This approach is used when a mother is admitted to the intensive care unit after falling and sustaining head trauma. The patient is the mother. The nurse is focused on the mother and care was directed

Family involvement provides a support system for the patient as well. Similarly, in the Asian culture, family is often strongly involved in the healthcare of a family member. This may be out of love and concern for the individual but it also is enforced by the cultural norm and social pressure (Park, Chesla, Rehm & Chun 2011, p. 2377). With any culture, including Asian Americans, family support may have positive or negative outcomes. Park et al (2011) then states that “Asian American families provided emotional support, strengthened the patient’s sense of belonging and purpose, and provided material support, such as housing and financial assistance” (p. 2377). By having these added support systems, a patient can focus on their health and recovery without having to worry about financial burdens. The elderly are valued with the highest regard in the Asian culture but when an elderly family member becomes ill, the family dynamic and hierarchy is threatened. This can cause added stress for the family, tension among members and may delay the patient’s health and recovery. In some cases, the family members in the Asian culture may become overly involved in the patient’s care completely taking away the patients independence. However, in the healthcare system in the United States, maintaining

There were many examples in which the healthcare team showcase empathy and cultural sensitivity for Lia’s parents. First, the doctor accepted the parents to practice their rituals and even let them administrated their own medicine to their child. In addition, the doctors and nurses did not press charges after Nao Kao had pushed her against the wall.

On arrival, Joe’s mother Catherine was distressed and throughout every stage of Joe’s care it was important Catherine was provided with clear information in order to empower her to make informed choices regarding Joe’s care (Glasper et al. 2010). Parental involvement was introduced after the Platt Report in 1959 which recommended that parents should be allowed to stay with their hospitalised child. The report has led to significant improvements in interactions between parents of hospitalised children and the staff who care for them (Priddis and Sheilds 2011). Sousa et al (2013) carried out a study that found communication between parents and children’s nurses is vital. Sousa et al (2013) found that almost all parents who participated in the questionnaire agreed it was a priority to get information on their child’s health condition. This indicates that is important for nurses to manage the child and family as a whole holistically (NMC 2015). Catherine

In the profession of nursing, an essential aspect is the ability for a nurse to provide culturally competent care to each one of his/her patients. This requires the nurse to understand how a person’s culture can affect the way they care for them. The focus of this paper will be on a model put together to assist nurses in providing care to culturally diverse patients, specifically caring for patients a part of the Chinese culture in the children and family transition of life. The summary and application of the six phenomena in the relation to the Chinese culture followed by the nursing implications of those cultural variances are described below.

20 55 29 25 27 37 53 37 60 62 63 51 41 37 43 42 47 44 44 40 35 21

3 3 3 3 4 4 4 7 7 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21