Essay on Continuous Disclosure

Over the course of the past few decades, technology has been on a fast track to more advanced opportunities for communication. These developments have increased efficiency in society, however, it is evident that the basic values, such as privacy of personal information, are compromised significantly. Privacy is an essential element of a free society and without which, individuals would lose the ability to interact with one another in private. With the advancements of technology there is a clash between an individuals right to guard their personal information and the power of the cyber world to penetrate that information. Innovative technologies such as various forms of social media and surveillance are invading the freedom to said privacy.

Disclosure is information regarding an activity of financial records that creditors, investors, and humans should know what when on in the company or organization regarding the finances increase or decrease. This includes strikes in the company, major fire, theft, a bad product, or a product that is at a high-demand regarding the time of year.

The ‘secret' designation referred to information in which its disclosure might endanger the national security, or cause serious injury to the interests of the nation or be of great advantage to a foreign nation. Similarly, ‘confidential' could be applied to material of such a nature that is disclosure, although not endangering the national security, might be harmful to the interests or prestige of the Nation. The term ‘restricted' is used in instances where information is for official use only and should be denied access to the general public.

Some guidance can be provided by reviewing current auditing standards and court decisions dealing with certain types of disclosure duty, such as in this scenario, uncertain disclosure when

The issue is whether Christie’s actions of disclosing the previously private information regarding William’s employment history and prior immigration status constitute public disclosure of private facts. To prove that a person is liable for public disclosure of private facts, the plaintiff must prove that (1) the exposure of the facts is a public disclosure, (2) the facts disclosed are private facts, and (3) the nature of the information disclosed is offensive (Kinsey v. Macur, Porten v. University of San Francisco, Daly v. Viacom, Inc.). William Franklin probably has a cause of action for public disclosure of private facts against Christie

Company X considers “Confidential Information" to be information to which an Employee gains, or gained access, by reason of the Employee’s employment with Company X. Confidential Information includes, but is not limited to, Customer Personal Information (name, address, email, credit card information), Employee information, financial information, competitive information (including new markets, new products, new services), customer lists, Employee information, investor information, business and contractual relationships, trade secrets, business forecasts, sales and merchandising, marketing plans, internal policies,

Additionally Savin-Williams (2001) stated, Youths do not usually come out to their father because they do not feel close to him and they fear his negative reactions. The feeling that the present time is not the right developmental time in their relationship with their father to come out is another reason that youths have for withholding information. The sons often feel that they do not have a loving and supportive father. They long for intimacy and are saddened that they lack it. The fathers probably are simply clueless or unable to provide intimacy. The belief that the present is not the most opportune time to disclose is often rooted in the trepidation that the development of the gay child’s relationship with his father will be negatively affected by the disclosure. Issues of moral condemnation and eternal

Confidentiality is the ability to hide information from those people unauthorised to view it. It is the most crucial of the CIA triad for security; but it is the one which is attacked most often. Entering the confidentiality wall take many forms. Allow someone to look over our shoulder at our computer screen while we have confidential data displayed on it could be a breakthrough of confidentiality. We can say if a laptop computer containing sensitive information about a company's employees is stolen, it could result in a breakthrough of confidentiality. Leaking confidential information over the telephone is a breakthrough of confidentiality if the caller is not authorized to have the transferred information. Confidentiality is necessary for

FASB has some guide lines of how companies should report or disclose information of their securities.

Many people have debatable ideas of what privacy, invasion of privacy, and privacy rights are, but nonetheless most people have ideas or an opinion on such topics. “Definitions of privacy can be couched in descriptive or normative terms. People may view privacy as a derivative notion that rests upon more basic rights such as liberty or property.” (Moore, 2008, p. 411) Even with the many explanations of privacy rights that we individually claim, we should all be able to agree that to some degree our right to privacy is essential and necessary for our day to day functions. Even with our own opinions, we should all have some kind of understanding as to what the US Constitution states about our privacy rights and what is and is not considered

The importance of this sub-section is to demonstrate how shame can have an impact on the amount of disclosure in therapy. It has been suggested that a lack of disclosure can influence therapeutic outcome. Based on research, participants have identified one of the reasons that they are unwilling to disclose is due to fear of the reaction of the therapist. The purpose of discussing shame and disclosure in therapy is to highlight how non-disclosure can be problematic with clients who feel shame in therapy. This is further emphasized by Lewis’ (1971) findings that in the therapeutic relationship, patients may not be aware of their feelings as shame (unidentified shame) and as such, will use other words to point to the shame experience. This means that therapists must be aware of the impact that the relational context has on clients who feel shame.

•IFRS 12 'Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities ' - includes the disclosure requirements for all forms of interests in other entities, including

Less profitable firms or high debt firms could use SER disclosures to legitimise activities to lenders and shareholders (Haniffa and Cooke 2005). SERs can be used by managers to frame how Financial stake holders interpret financial information, specifically to manipulate stakeholders reaction to disappointing financial reports, by changing the focus and constructing a "disconfirmatory effect on the financial figures" (Neu et al., 1998, p.270). Qualitative positive disclosures with quantitative negative disclosures (Gibbins et al., 1990) can be used as a method to down play managerial incompetence and persuade financial stakeholders to excuse past mistakes by using their ethical or socially responsible displays to compensate. This is a contrasting view to legitimacy theory which emphasizes an organisations need for actions to be perceived by stakeholders as legitimate (Deegan and Unerman, 2011). In this instance, SERs are used as a method to manage a situation when the expectations of stakeholders are not met. When an organisation fails to be perceived as legitimate, they use SERs to demonstrate that it can only improve upon its past actions and regain legitimacy.

Companies may raise their funds from many several investors and the Corporation Act 2001 Ch 6D has provided the provisions for fundraising. Generally, public companies increase their capital by offering various types of securities like share, debenture or option to investors. Offer of securities require disclosure of relevant information to investors for independent informed decision. Disclosure of offer is essential unless if it is certain type of exception defined in Section-708. According to ASIC (2013), disclosure document is a term which covers wide areas and elaborates all regulated fundraising documents for the issue of securities. Every company who are entitled to raise their capital can use disclosure document. It is issued for an offer with relevant and accurate information. It must be lodged to Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) before publicizing for public.

This paper analyzes current practices in several Latin American countries in the areas of corporate disclosure and transparency by focusing on the extent to which information is disclosed to investors through public channels, such as websites. We find weak disclosure practices, which will continue to prove problematic for capital flows and the future development of these countries. Specifically, poor disclosure practices lead to reluctance on the part of investors to invest in these companies, high costs of capital and poor valuations. Latin American firms should be encouraged to voluntarily increase disclosure, select independent boards, and enforce disciplinary