Diagnostic Methods

The patient that I have chosen for my diagnostic reasoning paper is a 47-year-ol-Hispanic female. The presenting problem that I have chosen to use as my patient’s chief complaint is back pain. The only other clues that I have to use in order to help narrow my focus is that she is a female, she is 47-years-old, and she is Hispanic. I do not know how long she has been experiencing pain or how severe her pain is. Given these parameters, I will “cast a wide net” as I evaluate my patient and create my list of differential diagnoses.

As we have seen throughout the entire history of warfare, ancient world terrorism, political intrigue and elitist terrorism of the middle ages, and into modern terrorism, intelligence is of vital importance on both sides. Armed forces have always used intelligence of some form be it sneaking up a hill and scouting what is on the other side to the use of modern platforms such as

Since 9/11, the intelligence community has improved greatly. It is not that they have been reconstructed from the ground up, or that their mission has completely changed, it is, in the community’s eye anyway, that they now all share information, no matter how important or how small. This information sharing now even includes all the way down to local and tribal authorities. The reasoning is that, even if it might be small or seem insignificant to you at your level, it may be the piece someone somewhere else in the country needs.

Gathering of correct and reliable information about possible planned activities, methods, resources, bases etc of terrorist organizations is crucial to prevention of terrorism. The right information at the right time can help avert disastrous attacks, saving countless lives. Most nations have extensive mechanisms and organizations in place to collect intelligence to protect their citizens, such as the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), British MI5, Russian FSB, Israeli Mossad etc. the 27 members of the EU all have financial intelligence units, acronym

Intelligence in this day in age is a vital component of a countries security. The newest proposal increases intelligence spending between 2 and 3 billion dollars, a total adding to nearly $35 billion. In addition to military enhancement, the FBI and other law enforcement/intelligence agencies will also be included in this proposal. A new system has been proposed by President Bush that all information be shared among all agencies. DoD, FBI, and the Department of Counterterrorist Center have drawn closer together to create a Terrorist Threat Integration Center to evaluate information blended from all sources associated with terrorism and to act upon those findings accordingly.

A. its unprofessional and may lead to a delay in court hearing or process until it is better understood, or corrected. (Sieter chapter 4)

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria is a terrorist organization on the United States’ Foreign Terrorist watch list that has been able to successfully recruit both homegrown volunteers who stay with U.S. borders to commit terrorist acts on behalf of the organization, and foreign fighters who leave the United States to join Arms in Syria. Since March of two-thousand and fourteen one hundred and eleven individuals within the United States has been charged with offenses related to ISIS, fifty-eight have pleaded or were found guilty. The Islamic state of Iraq and Syria started as a rebel organization that has rapidly gained territory within Syria since 2014 and has proven to be somewhat revolutionary. From its ability to attract thousands of volunteers across sovereign state and international lines, to its resilience to sustained U.S- lead bombing campaigns and its regular spectacular acts of violence. (Kalyvas 2015) Although ISIS was not the perpetrators of the September eleven attacks, they have earned a number one spot as an international threat to many countries due to its ability to recruit homegrown extremist and foreign

International intelligence is one the biggest resources we use to fight terrorism in the U.S. Dr. Nora Bensahel,

Often people forget that the community in which they live in plays a vital role on their lifestyle. Your community may influence you on how you experience others culture, it may predispose you to certain illnesses and crimes due to location. It may influence you to think big and want better for your future and your children’s future base on the people you are surrounded by. Communities sometimes influence its member’s careers paths base on merely the need of that community. The purpose of this paper is to assess the community of Stapleton, its demographic, needs and issues both

Sounds good. Can you also send as email if possible. This way is more faster for everybody. Here is the information I will need.

Intelligence is both a procedure and an item and has assumed an essential part in discretion and fighting all through history. In the data age, intelligence has undertaken a much more noteworthy vitality. However in the mainstream media, the part, means, and reason for intelligence is regularly distorted, best case scenario. Just a modest division of intelligence officers perform covert intelligence assemble ing. They don't kill individuals, convey weapons or even wear trench layers. The larger part of the intelligence group completes its unremarkable undertakings at a work station and, while intelligence alone can- not stop the following terrorist assault, it is the basic initial phase in distinguishing and conceivably keeping

We deploy globally alongside war fighters and interagency partners to defend America’s national security interests.” [4] The Defense Intelligence Agency is always represented no matter where the military presence is located. They work side by side with military soldiers ensuring assisting with analysis and helping soldiers out in any way they are able to help out. The agency is often confused with law enforcement agencies, but they are not the only agencies this occurs too. Other foreign intelligence organizations have the same issue as well. The Department of Defense (DoD) who is over the Defense Intelligence Agency is in the public eye. Now that the public has much more awareness of their existence, the friction between the organizations is more prominently. “Defense Intelligence Agency is an all-source defense agency designed to prevent strategic surprise and deliver a decision advantage to war fighters, defense planners, and policymakers.” [5] The agency has multiple roles they are responsible for. Some of those roles include collection and analysis of defense-related foreign political, economic, industrial, geographic and medical and health intelligence. [6] Being able to be aggressive during the collection process and being analytically precise, it provides an advantage when making tough decisions for war fighters and the policymakers. This will allow the counter intelligence to be aggressive as well. By counter intelligence being aggressive policymakers along with the war fighters will be confident that the right decisions are being made on time and producing results. This is a critical part for the soldiers on the ground having to conduct these missions the Defense Intelligence Agency come up with and believe

Recently a military group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has been causing controversy between the group and the United States. However, what many might not know is that ISIS has been around for more than a decade. When the United States sent troops in to overthrow Hussein’s government in 2003, it started a tension that would have never been expected. ISIS has conquered many places and gained much land. ISIS is believed to have contributors from the 9/11 attack (infobaselearning.com) and they have been known to go to the extreme to enforce their law. From the beheading of Christians, to the cruel treatment of women, the punishment is very brutal.

The United States Intelligence community draws on advanced technology and analytical techniques. An intelligence process that sets objectives, collects, analyzes, and report findings, with feedback loops integrated throughout. Explicitly, the intelligence community advantages technology and tradecraft within a proscribed process. However, estimation of threats and decision-making are outcomes of human thinking. Analysts and policymakers create mental models, or short cuts to manage complex, changing environments. In other words, to make sense of ambiguous or uncertain situations, humans form cognitive biases. Informed because of personal experience, education, and specifically applied to intelligence analysis, Davis

The challenge to an intelligence analyst, as mentioned by Dougherty and Pfaltzgraff, is the lack of experimental, independent testing within a controlled environment. That does not necessarily mean that the intelligence analysis process lacks a formal process or is absent scientific methodologies. Based on Knight (2010), intelligence research identifies patterns through observation so that an analyst can develop a hypothesis to predict future events the very premise of the scientific method. However, the IC has acknowledged a scientific gap and has been migrating towards a more ?coherent scientific discipline? based on the need to improve performance of intelligence analysis (Johnston, ). Furthermore, intelligence analysts are provided with scientific methodologies at their disposal that they can use to strengthen their estimates. In the analyst?s toolkit there are a variety of techniques that can be used to strengthen processes and conform to more valid scientific methods. Heuer (1999), the author of Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH), use ACH as an eight-step procedure using basic insights from cognitive psychology, decision analysis, and the scientific method. According to Bruce, ACH attempts to eliminate cognitive bias and provide other explanations with possible outcomes through testing hypotheses in an attempt to refute or ?disconfirm? them (Bruce, 2008, p. 175). After all, the challenge to inductive inference is not in supporting a study?s conclusions, but refuting them through scientific means. Heuer?s ACH methodology attempts to reconcile this weakness and has become a recognized advancement towards this goal. In Bruce?s essay (2008), he acknowledges that had the 2002 Iraq NIE utilized this methodology, the estimate?s weighty findings should have exposed the