Contrast Sensitivity Function

Contrasting color enhance a sense of differentiation between different objects and surfaces. Different colors can be used to highlight key and safety features. It will also reduce the chances of mishaps. Different colors enable such people to see edges between surfaces and perceive depth and difference more easily. We can use bolder, Bigger and brighter colors to facilitate people with impaired visual acquity. Following objects in our environment facilitate such people : clocks and watches with large numbers, big button telephones and large print books and calendars. Magnifier can also help them to maximize the size of things for clear appearance. Secondly brighter objects makes the things easier to see. It is often easier to see things if people shine a light directly on to what they want to see. For example, use of torch or table lamp brighten the written text and facilitate reading. The amount of light to be

This experiment was conducted by surveying ninety-six people, 48 males and 48 females, to complete a short survey. The survey asked them if they were color blind and whether they were male or female. They were then given five color cards (blue, green, pink, purple and yellow) and ordered the sample colors from their favorite to least favorite on a scale of 1-5.

In experiment 1, participants were instructed to press a key to determine if the stimulus was red, blue, yellow, or green. On the second half of the experiment, the stimulus appeared in grey with only one colored letter which was positioned randomly. Error rates for the experiment were below 2.5% for each condition, which is quite low. Experiment 2 was the same as experiment 1 except that there were 114 data collections instead of 288 and there were 36 practice trials instead of 72. According to experiment 1 and 2 it is suggested that the effect of

The purpose of the study was to measure the effect that the Flicker Paradigm had on visual perception. The Flicker Paradigm causes a distraction while there is a change made in the image. It was designed to test how long the groups took to react to a change in the visual field. The test is meant to show that the disturbance in the visual field made it much more challenging for the viewer to notice any changes that were made in the image. The hypothesis stated that the experimental group, the group using the Flicker Paradigm, would take longer to notice the change in the visual field than the control group, which had no flicker between the altered images. This is because the disturbance in the visual field caused the brain to miss the change that was made to the image because the information was deemed as unimportant. The majority of the perceived changes occurred in the background of the scene, and were considered minor in reference to the whole scene. This was proven true from the data collected, and coincided with previous tests. (Rensink, R. A. 2000). The data in tables 1.1 and 1.3 shows the individual participant data for the test with a flicker for both tests one and two. Tables 1.2 and 1.4 represent the individual results for the tests with no flicker, or the control group. Graphs 1.1 and 1.2 showed the relationship between the time taken to recognize alterations in the images. The data was taken from the average time to recognize the change from all

In the flicker paradigm, an original image, a blank gray screen, and a modified image are presented respectively in a fast alternation, giving the display a flickering appearance. The cycle of rotation repeats until subjects report the change. The response latency is used as a measure of change blindness. The results showed that the change detection during the first cycle of alternation was almost zero and did not increase too much after one minute of alternation. Interestingly, when the blank gray screen was removed, the changes were detected easily.

The trials for each of the six conditions were presented in a random order. The experimenter controlled for differences among participants by having them set their own equiluminant point for the cue stimuli and eliminated luminance differences by embedding the stimuli in a random luminance noise. The experimenter also controlled for outliers by eliminating response

The number of those who do not experience the reflex blink whilst undergoing the experiment of having air blown into their right, open eye through a straw positioned approximately 10-15cm away will be lower than those who do not experience the reflex blink without having the same puff of air blown into their eye.

Race and ethnic background also is not important to results; however, English speaking is preferred, as instructions will be given in English. Sample size will be 100 participants made of up 50 female and 50 male subjects. Recruitment will occur via email messages sent to college campuses with graduate programs throughout the United States. As there is an age cut-off, the invitation to participate in the study will be sent only to junior year students and beyond to ensure the age requirement is met. Graduate programs are a must to guarantee enough students at the schools are old enough to participate. Lastly, additional criteria will be required of the participants. Normal, non-corrected 20/20 vision is required. Also, participants cannot possess any other type of sensational deficit (e.g. no hearing, taste, touch, or smell impairments). As important as the participants are, I cannot carry out the experiment without the necessary materials.

During the research, I discovered that different colors of lights also affected the refraction of an eye and diffraction from pupil.

The analysis of RTs (reaction time) and error are measured by Age X Target visual field. The resutls indicated that older adults had longer RTs toward the targets in the lower visual field (LVF) than the targets in the upper visual field (UVF). The RTs provided no evidence of interactions within the visual fields because the targets either appered in the UVF or in LVF. The targets were not present in both fields at the same time. The Rts had shorter redundent- target trials than the single-target trials because the processing time is determined how fast and quick the channel in each trial are. This effect is known as statistical faciliation. The redundant target reduce error rates, and displays with clutter had higher errror rates than the no-clutter display. Older adults showed more interaction of clutter than young children. However, there was no evidence of speed accuracy, but suprisingly the capacity appeared to be larger for older adults in clutered conditions and for targets farther in the retinal

If the reaction time between the stimulus and the response increases when the colour of the word and the word itself are not the same, then the reaction time would decrease when the word and the colour of the word are the same. The Stroop effect is an observable way to view the difficulties the brain has in identifying conflicting sensory information. The conflicting sensory data that people are given will affect the time of their responses and impact on their ability to read the information out correctly and fluently.

Alice’s visual acuity and colour perception were both in the high ranges and contrast sensitivity was normal. Both the quandrantanopia and visual anomalies were no longer present. Her visuospatial perceptual skills were tested with the Birmingham Object Recognition Battery of tests (Riddoch & Humphreys, 1993); she was able to discriminate line size, length, orientation and position of gap normally.

Participants were required to take part in an online custom designed applet from the Online Psychology Laboratory, authored by Mark Tew and Ken McGraw, University of Mississippi. The customised applet contained a variation of the original Muller-Lyer illusion, which studies the effect in fin angle, which varies from 15 degrees to 160 degrees (in every 15° interval) on the apparent length of lines. Participants were presented with in the standard Muller Lyer two lines, with one have fins and the other does not. Participants were required to adjust the plain line to make both lines

(or JND) thresholds of random participants using their visual-based perception and to replicate and confirm Weber’s Law. Through this four-level single-factor experiment, these participants were asked to compare two lines which were flashed to them on a computer screen. Their objective at that point was to choose which line was longer of the two that were shown, and this was repeated 160 times at four different levels of line sizes: one inch, two inch, three inch, and four inch with each level having 40 trials. Once the JND values were obtained, they were then statistically analyzed and evaluated in terms of whether or not they were consistent with Weber’s Law. Collection along with the analysis of the data were all done on the University of California, Irvine campus inside the Social Science Laboratory. Based on the results, we can conclude there is a relationship between Weber’s Law and visual perception, but this may not always be true.

These researchers conducted an experiment to expose the biases present in the visual processing from global to local based on one’s level of field dependency. The experiment conducted by Pore, Pineau, Jobard, and Mellet (2008) consisted of each procedure being the same for all participants and them tested individually. First, participants were administered the GEFT, in accordance with standardized instructions: After seven practice items, participants had to trace with a pen the outline of one of eight simple shapes in each of 18 complex figure items. The test was time limited and scored by assigning a value of 0 or 1 for inaccurate and accurate responses, respectively. Accuracy scores, which could range from 0 to 18, were recorded. Low and high GEFT scores correspond to FD and FI, respectively. Subsequently, participants were presented with the global-local task using a personal laptop computer with a 15-in.screen at a resolution of 1024 × 768 pixels (width and height, respectively) running Superlab software applications (Cedrus Corporation, San Pedro, CA).Participants sat in front of the display with their hands placed on the key-board of the computer and viewed the stimuli at a distanceof60 cm. Each of the small elements of compound stimuli fit within the confines of virtual rectangles 1.26 ° in height and .92 ° in width and the global level was approximately8.5 ° in height and 11.4 ° in width. The experimental