Contributions Of Greenhouse Gas Consumption And Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles

As part of the United States planned greenhouse gas emissions reduction strategy, it is necessary for U.S. to consider the effect of new electricity services coming to the transportation sector. One such service that is gaining widespread interest is the electrification of personal transportation (also referred to as “passenger cars”) using Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV’s). The advantage of electrification of personal transportation leads to improved air quality and to reduce the U.S’s GHG contribution to global climate change.

In 2012, transportation accounted for 19% of the total global energy consumption, 96% of which was produced by fossil fuels [1, p. 201]. Furthermore, air transport is the most carbon intensive mode of transportation, accounting for approximately 10 times more carbon emissions than road transport and 100 times more than shipping (per tonne km) [2, p. 4].

While new trucks and cars emit about 90 percent fewer pollutants than they did 30 years ago total annual vehicle miles driven have increased by more than 140 percent since 1970 and are expected to increase another 25 percent by 2010. The emission reductions from individual vehicles have not adequately kept pace with the increase in miles driven. As a result cars and trucks are still the largest single

Akio Toyoda, the founder of the car company Toyota Incorporated, once said “Automobiles are the pinnacle of human transportation. The percentage of families across the world who own cars have reached new heights in the past decade. Multiple families now have an easier form of transportation than walking or taking an overcrowded bus. For that reason, I am happy with what I do.” Akio Toyoda is right for saying so. The usage of automobiles increases by 150% since the past decade as more consumers look towards faster and cheaper methods of transportation. The increase in usage brings many concerns to well-minded citizens, specifically concerns regarding the environment and the conservation of energy. In order to tackle the problem locally, multiple

—. "Emissions from Hybrid and Plug-In Electric Vehicles." 13 June 2016. Alternative Fuels Data Center. 2 April 2017. .

Electric vehicles today are promoted as the precursor to an environmentally cleaner future. At the same time these vehicles are stylish and high performance, however they can be very expensive. Which means they are not attractive to the penniless, but only to the environmentally committed rich. Those who own an electric vehicle might brag to their families, friends, strangers about their sacrifice for the world, however, are they really making a sacrifice? The answer is “no”. In reality, today's electric vehicle is trading one environmental problem for the other. It doesn't matter if the vehicle itself does not release carbon dioxide while it's running; an electric vehicle is as clean as its power grid. Since most of the united states electricity

Furthermore, rising consumer popularity and low fuel efficiency make for a lethal combination with regards to SUV’s and light trucks. In 1975, SUV’s and trucks accounted for only about 13% of vehicles purchased. The EPA has estimated that SUV’s and trucks will make up nearly 4 times that much in 2004 - 48% of total vehicle sales. Trucks and SUV’s are less fuel-efficient than other automobiles, getting an average of 17 miles per gallon compared to about 25 miles per gallon attained by passenger cars 6. According to these fuel economy and consumer trends, fuel consumption in the United States is only going to increase in the near future. In turn, global climate change will likely grow accordingly with increased CO2 emissions from added gasoline consumption.

and to loss of energy in the last 20 years, however, the question is whether the industry still is

Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ) standards proposed for vehicles produced between 2017 and 2025 were promulgated through the joint efforts of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) utilizing regulatory powers granted in their charters allowing them to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles and other greenhouse gas producing sources. (Nichols, 2012) The essence of the proposal was that by 2025 vehicle manufactures would be offering for sale cars and light trucks that averaged almost 50mpg. This level of fuel economy would result in a projected reduction in national dependencies on almost 4 billion barrels of oil and close to 2 billion tons of greenhouse gases namely carbon dioxide over the life of the new more efficient vehicles. (Nichols, 2012) Cost analysis of the proposal focused on fuel savings to the consumer and moderate environmental benefits offsetting the industries technologic costs of meeting the standards at an overwhelming 4:1 ratio netting over 323 billion dollars of consumer savings over the life of the regulated vehicles.

Carbon dioxide exists in the atmosphere as one part of greenhouse gas do trap the radiation from the sun and reheat the earth. According to East Timor Review (2013), “the planet has reportedly warmed 0.3°C to 0.6°C over the last century”. (Page 200)

However, (Weiller, 2011) presented that a number of existing investigations have found that plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have emissions advantage more than hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and conventional vehicles considerably when representing grid emissions [1–4]. Furthermore, EPRI, 2007; Yang, 2009; Yeh, 2009). Jamarillo et al. (2009) Find that PHEVs have the ability to reducing emissions by 6-16 % compared to conventional gasoline vehicles, even in the case of electricity use coal without carbon capture and storage is used to power transportation. (ElNozahy, 2015) Pointed that an additionally examine in the U.S [9, 10] indicated that though 43% of the U.S Light-obligation vehicle fleet is supplanted by PHEVs, the aggregate

When it comes to reducing carbon emissions that severely harm the environment, the automotive industry plays an important role. Penna and Geels stated that one of the biggest challenge society confront is climate change requiring improvement in carbon use by many industries and sectors. (2015). In the US, the amount of drivers aged 65 years old and over has increased by 17.3% from 1982 to 2003 (Meyer, 2009). According to Statistics Canada, Licensed drives increased from 15.964 to 21.674 (35.7%) from 1985 to 2004. Thus, trends show that more and more people are driving every day what also mean that more emissions are being generated every day too. To fix this giant issue, car industries need to find the most effective way since they still have to produce millions of cars. I strongly believe that eliminating the totality of carbon emission produced by cars can be successfully accomplished in a near future with the correct and viable “green” management strategy. What if one of the thousand car companies who are responsible for this problem can do it in a record time? BMW Group will have decreased the half of the carbon emissions (CO²) with their new fleet of cars in less than 3 years from now, taking 1995 as a base year (BMW Sustainable Report, 2014). With successful sustainable development, BMW Group has been able to reduce by 38% from 1995 to 2014 their vehicles carbon emissions (CO²) (BMW Sustainable Report, 2014). In Addition, BMW technology is presently considered as the

With the ever growing concern about greenhouse gases today and the large contribution that today’s internal combustions engine powered vehicles play in this equation. Hybrid vehicles appear to be a likely acceptable alternative to help reduce these exhaust emission gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon monoxide and sulfur oxides. (EPA Sources of

The planet changes over time, but people cause negative impact to their environment. To protect Earth, consumers need to be conscious of their role as technology continues to advance. More specifically, the automobile industry creates pollution, “in 2013, transportation contributed more than half of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into our air” (ucs). Conventional vehicles, utilizing internal combustion engines, cause these harmful emissions, but electric-vehicles protect the environment while providing consumers with an efficient use of energy. Energy serves as a crucial factor in technology and allows society to operate, but certain usages harm the world. As arguments develop about pollution and its effects, society needs to take the step towards clean energy. The transportation industry releases pollution through fumes caused by combustion within engines. In terms of automobiles, the conventional gasoline vehicles and electric-vehicles compete to gain attention from consumers. The electric-vehicle uses energy more efficiently than the gasoline vehicle, which loses energy through combustion. Additionally, the EV offers performance benefits for individuals. While offering a smooth and quiet drive, these vehicles require less maintenance. Finally, the EV allows money to stay within the nation, since local utility companies produce electricity. For these reasons, a national tax exemption should be offered to encourage

Road freight carried by medium and heavy trucks accounts of over 6% of all global greenhouse gas emission. Greenhouse gas emission from all transportation sources is estimated will increase 80% by 2030.