Contributions Of The Pelled Density Profile

In this lab the density of a glass marble was measured. Since the formula for density is mass divided by volume, the the mass of the glass marble alone was measured using an electronic balance. Afterwards, the volume of the marble was measured using the displacement water method. 20 mL of water was added to a 25 mL graduated cylinder and the amount added with correct precision and uncertainty was recorded. Once that step was complete, the graduated cylinder with 20 mL of water was slightly tilted so that the glass marble could be placed inside. The new volume was then recorded with correct precision and uncertainty. Then, the original volume was subtracted from the final volume to calculate the volume of the glass marble with the correct amount

4) Heat the solid Neon to 20 K. What is this temperature in Celsius? -253°C

The main purpose of this lab is to determine the latent heat of fusion of ice.

The purpose of this lab was to find the ratio of charge to mass of an electron. The charge to mass ratio of the electron is measured by accelerating electrons through a uniform magnetic field with a constant potential difference. The electron moves in the magnetic field and the equation for force of this electron moving can be manipulated to find e/m .

In 1897, J.J. Thomson performed the Nobel prize winning experiment to calculate the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron (e/m). The purpose of this experiment is to recreate and confirm his findings (the accepted value for the ratio is 1.758820024(11)× 〖10〗^11 C/kg). To recreate the experiment, we will use the electron gun to generate an electron beam and induce a magnetic force, equivalent to the magnetic part of the Lorentz Force 〖( F〗_(e,mag)=-e ( v × B ) ), that will curve the beam counterclockwise into a circle (set-up shown in Experimental Description and Results). We can equate the magnetic force to the centripetal force required for uniform circular motion (Equation 2) and use the law of conservation of energy to relate

Dust crystallization in plasmas, called as plasma crystals, was theoretically predicted in 1986 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 1 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) and then realized in strongly coupled plasma systems by different groups in 1994. (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 2–5 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) The discovery of plasma crystals inspires a broad attention in the research of different aspects, such as melting, (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 6,7 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) plasma condensation, (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 8,9 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) and lattice waves. (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 10–14 (--

The ITER is an internationally funded research and development project which focuses on constructing the world’s first largest experimental nuclear fusion reactor. This project intends to adopt the experimental and theoretical studies of plasma physics or ‘tokomak’ (a device utilizing electromagnetic fields to trap plasma) and apply it to construct a fully functional, nuclear fusion power plant which will harness the energy made from nuclear fusion to create electricity.. This project is funded by USA, China, India, the EU, Russia, Japan and South Korea. The stated countries have funded a total of 6.6 billion pounds to the French government in order for the project to commence.

Cheng and Chance (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 15 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) solve the linear ideal MHD equations to study the low- (-- removed HTML --) n (-- removed HTML --) shear Alfvén spectra in axisymmetric plasmas and find that toroidicity can break up the continuous spectra and form a continuum gap, within which an AE can be excited. Fu and Dam (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 11 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) consider the kinetic effects of the alpha particle and the electron on TAEs in circular flux surface tokamak using the linear drift kinetic equation coupled with the ideal MHD equations. They find that the low- (-- removed HTML --) n (-- removed HTML --) TAEs can be destabilized by alpha particles. Rosenbluth and Rutherford (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 1 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) point out that the shear Alfvén wave can be destabilized by the energetic ion and develop asymptotic formulas (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 8 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) to calculate the continuum damping rate for high- (-- removed HTML --) n (-- removed HTML --) TAE in a low-beta, large-aspect-ratio, circular tokamak. Chen (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 10 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) studied the high- (-- removed HTML --) n (-- removed HTML --) TAE and KBM (Kinetic Ballooning

Dragging of an external magnetic field in the accretion disks has been investigated in several works. \cite{lubow94} and \cite{agapitou96} considered bending of an initially vertical weak magnetic field in the infinitesimally thin viscous disk. They pointed out that inclination of poloidal magnetic fields lines and wind launching possibility depend on magnetic diffusion efficiency which is characterized by the magnetic Prandtl number $\mathcal{P}$. \cite{RRS96} investigate analogous problem in two-dimensional approach and showed that, in addition to radial magnetic field component, strong toroidal component of the magnetic field is also generated in the case of weak magnetic diffusion, $\mathcal{P}\gg 1$. \cite{shalybkov00} considered steady-state structure of the accretion disk in the presence of dynamically important magnetic field. They found that sufficient

\item The main objective of the analysis is to measure the $\overline{\nu}_e$ cross-section, and the systematics uncertainty on this quantity will be evaluated by MC simulation by varying all the inputs. Hence, a direct measurement of tBDT

(-- removed HTML --) As suggested in Ref. (-- removed HTML --) 1 (-- removed HTML --) for radii outside of the MHD-active region of the plasma, the peaking factor shows similar trends for all RF methods and deposition positions when comparable fractions of electron heating power are produced (Figs. (-- removed HTML --) 7 (-- removed HTML --) and (-- removed HTML --) 8 (-- removed HTML --) ). On the other hand, closer to the plasma centre where saturated MHD activity is usually present, this trend is less robust when different radial positions are analysed. (-- removed HTML --)

The tokamak is an experimental machine designed to harness the energy of fusion. ITER will be the world’s largest tokamak, with a plasma radius (R) of 6.2m and a plasma volume of 840m3. Inside a tokamak, the energy produced through the fusion of atoms is absorbed as heat in the walls of the vessel. Just like a conventional power

The diverter is located at the bottom of the torus shaped vessel and is designed to extract heat from the plasma as well as the ‘exhaust fumes’ of the reaction occurring which are helium and any impurities from the first wall of the reactor. The basic concept of a diverter used within a tokamak design can be understood better by looking at figure x which is a diagram of JET after it had a divertor fitted. The separatrix is the last field line which contains the plasma. The magnetic field transports the plasma to the diverters at the bottom as shown where the heat energy strikes the diverter target plates and conducted to pipes where it is then removed through either a water or helium cooling system and the ‘exhaust gases’ are extracted by a vacuum.

In a dense plasma focus [1,2] only a small portion of the energy from the capacitor discharge is used to produce a single plasma focus event. Efforts have been made to combine several plasma focus devices in different configurations to enhance neutron generation and charged particle emission [3, 4] so the energy from the capacitor discharge can be used more efficiently. Staged plasma focus by using two plasma focus guns that are placed in front of each other was suggested to produce two plasma focusing events. The operation of proposed configuration wasn’t successful due to occurrence of unwanted early discharge due to precursor radiation from one of the plasma foci in the staged plasma focus device [3]. To solve this issue a disk was

One of the most important features for the WRF microphysics schemes is that the conversion process may