Control System And Performance Of Dc Microgrid Under Various Loads

Moving into the next renewable energy, there is a big advantage that hydroelectric power is that hydropower dams is a huge renewable resource and using water to create electricity has no carbon footprint. As well as there is less pollution from it overall. There are many advantages but there are two distinct disadvantages, one of them being the cost to build an electric power station. The cost

The smart distribution transformer and its controllers were evaluated through simulations using PLECS simulation platform. The system specifications used to design the simulation model are given in Table 3.

Fig. 9(a) shows the DC-link voltage across the DC-link capacitor of the PV array. The DC-link reference voltage corresponds to maximum power point of the PV array. Fig. 9(b) shows the power demand by the load, and power flows from the grid and PV system generated power. As the PV system generated power could not meet complete power demand of load, remainining power is supplied by the grid. At 1secocond the PV system switched from partially shaded condition to uniform solar insolation. Thus, at this point power supplied by the inverter and grid also varies. Fig. 10(a) shows the grid current which is fully sinusoidal. Fig. 10(b) shows the inverter output current. Fig. 11 shows the performance of system under reactive load condition. In this study, a 500VA reactive load is considered. The figure shows the complete reactive power is supplied by the inverter. Thus the power factor of the system is maintained nearly at

It is observed that the power factor is maintained closer to unity when the input voltage is reduced from 230V to 110Vrms. Figure 11 (a) and (b) shows the power factor correction of controller for various load condition such as 20% (60W) and 75% (230W). The power factor for the system is found to be 0.84 for light load condition and 0.99 for full load condition. The THD of input current at full load with predominant third and fifth harmonic components are shown in Figure 12(a) and (b).Third harmonics is found to be 4.8% and fifth harmonic component is 4.9% which are well within IEC 61000-3-2 standard during wide range of load variations. The variation in power factor with load is shown graphically in Figure 13(a). It can be inferred from the graph that improved resettable control operates at high power factor for all load condition whereas the conventional PI control has poor power factor under light load conditions. Figure 13(b) shows the comparison between the efficiency of the converter for varying load conditions with the conventional control method and the resettable integrator control. The converter’s efficiency is maintained at 92% for light load conditions and 96% for fully loaded condition with integrator control technique. Thus the improved resettable integrator controller provides a very simple and reliable solution for power factor correction and

Hydropower is a renewable resource that is clean, affordable and durable. This resource is clean due to the way you gather the energy from it. hydroelectric and coal-fired power plants produce electricity in a similar way. In both cases a power source is used to turn a propeller piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator (the motor that produces electricity). A coal-fired power plant uses steam to turn the turbine blades; whereas a hydroelectric

Hydropower represents 19 percent of the world 's total electricity production and has several distinct advantages compared to other traditional power-producing methods. Hydropower plays a major role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions since it does not require any fuel burning, potential energy (i.e. water) supply

In this paper I will be discussing the renewable technology Hydropower and the pros and cons of it. I will be using three separate articles from GREENR focusing on hydropower as a whole and some of the possible downsides of this technology in addition to the very noticeable positive effects from hydropower. The three articles mentioned are "Building BRIC: Carrieann Stocks takes a look at recent developments in hydropower across Brazil, Russia, India and China." (International Water Power & Dam Construction) (Jan. 2015), "Electricity Production from Hydroelectric Sources, Top Ten Countries, 2003/4." (Global Reference on the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Online Collection), and "Green streak." (Earth Island Journal) (Jun. 22, 2015). I will be discussing the possible reasoning behind some people not wanting to focus on this possibly very beneficial alternative and try to explain why “If Hydropower is available why don’t we use it?” Keywords: dams, turbine, hydroelectric, renewable resource, nonrenewable resource

Humans have made significant discoveries in utilizing the countless benefits of water, one of the most important being the ability to use water to perform work. This is the concept of hydropower. Hydropower is using the energy of moving water to create power. This clean and renewable method of power generation is used all throughout the globe, and accounts for a small percentage of global electricity demand. Hydropower hasn’t always existed as the large scale dams that are abundant today. Hydropower technologies have been slowly evolving for many centuries.

One resource that is essential to produce electricity is renewable energy. Providing one’s own energy consists of utilizing solar panels, wind turbines and micro hydroelectricity. Solar panels absorb energy from the Sun to produce solar energy. A great number of people who live off the grid use solar power. Wind turbines generate electrical power from the wind and functions in the reverse manner as a fan does. Micro hydroelectricity is another source of energy, which fascinatingly “uses a source of running water, like a stream, to generate electricity” (Dunn 3). Between all three sources of renewable energy, micro hydroelectricity is the most efficient, reliable and commonly used form.

Hydroelectric power plant is one of the major power plants all over the world in order to create electricity. It is also one of the best renewable energy sources on the planet earth. In ranking, Canada is the third largest country to produce hydroelectricity power. The efficiency of this power source is 90% and this is very impressive as the percentage of efficiency is very high. Hydro power plants generate 24% of the world’s electricity. More than 1 billion people are associated with hydro power plants as they use the power supply from hydro power plants.

Hydropower, which started in Australia in the 1950s, is the biggest wellspring of renewable power, contributing over 60 percent of all renewable energy and 7 percent of total power in Australia.

The first pro to having hydroelectric power is being green. “Green: hydropower is renewable and clean. The process of generation of electricity does not pollute and water can later be used for irrigation, human consumption, etc. Hydroelectric energy contributes to the sustainability of our planet.” The next, pro is having safety. Having safety is important. “Safety: hydropower is safe compared to nuclear energy and fossil fuels. Despite some accidents occurred in dams, usually hydroelectric power plants do not entail a great danger to humans.” The third, pro is Flexibility. “Flexibility: the water flow and, thus, the energy output can be regulated to adapt to the consumption needs and storage capacity.” The last, pro is Durability. Everything must be Durable. And lasting. Not to get tired and have “wear and tear”. “Durability: dams can produce energy for decades, and require little further investments once they are built.”

Hydropower is a alternative energy sources that makes electricity using water, this process goes from mechanical to electrical . This form of energy is a transfer from mechanical to electrical energy. Hydroelectric power is very useful source of alternative energy, if this market keeps growing, it could be the solution to a clean and mostly environmentally friendly power source. The most common source for generating hydroelectric power is dams. There are an estimated 57,000 large dams around the world producing tons of electricity for the people in the area. Many countries use hydroelectric power, China leads the way with the country producing over 856.4 billion kilowatts the second is Brazil, and then Canada in third place.

“Worldwide, hydropower facilities possess a significant amount of installed electric generating capacity. IEA statistics indicate that at the end of 2001 there was in excess of 450,000 MW of installed capacity within IEA member countries, with about half in Europe and half in North America. In addition to conventional hydropower, there is more than 80,000 MW of installed pumped-hydro capacity in IEA countries. In contrast, utility-scale wind power is relatively new in the electric market, but increasing rapidly” (Integration of Wind and Hydropower Systems)

In 1882, the first use of moving water to produce electricity was a waterwheel on the Fox river in Wisconsin. (Geoffrey). In 1886, there were about forty-five water powered electric plants in the United States and Canada. Hydropower continuted to play a huge role in the electrical service. A long time ago hydroelectric power plants were so much more efficient and reliable. Over the years the environmental like hydro projects are being identified for concern. It's becoming a problem to build new dams because of opposition from environmentalists and people living on the land that's flooded. (Geoffrey). In 2003, ten percent of the United States electricity comes from hydropower. There's about eighty thousand MW of comventional capacity and eighteen thousand MV of pumped storage.