Controlled Vs Automatic processes: A modified version of a Stroop experiment using colour-associated and colour neutral words.

In experiment 1, participants were instructed to press a key to determine if the stimulus was red, blue, yellow, or green. On the second half of the experiment, the stimulus appeared in grey with only one colored letter which was positioned randomly. Error rates for the experiment were below 2.5% for each condition, which is quite low. Experiment 2 was the same as experiment 1 except that there were 114 data collections instead of 288 and there were 36 practice trials instead of 72. According to experiment 1 and 2 it is suggested that the effect of

The independent variable was represented by three conditions; three word lists printed in a variety of color inks. Two of the lists consisted of word colors; one in black ink and the other in incongruent colors. The third list consisted of square blocks in contrasting colors. The dependent variable was the time taken to name the black ink words, the square block colors, and the color names in

In each trial, the participants were presented with a sequence of words on the left side of the window. Each word was presented for one and a half seconds. After all the words were presented, the response buttons were presented on the right side of window. These response buttons were labeled with words from the sequence along with new distractor words that were not part of the sequence. The goal of the participants was to click on the response buttons and identify all the words that were part of the sequence. The independent variable for this study was the types of words that were presented on the test (response buttons). The dependent variable was the percentage of each types of items reported.

In a quiet college classroom, participants were individually tested, with a seat positioned in view of a computer, and a seat on the side for the experimenter to sit. There were four tasks for the participants to complete, that were timed. The participants were told that if they were to make an error by naming the wrong color, to correct it and read the next color, as the experimenter would write how many errors

The Stroop experiment by J. Ridley Stroop in 1935 was performed in order to analyze the reaction time of participant’s stimuli and desired results while also obtaining a collective result of color interference and word reading(Stroop, 1935; Lee & Chan, 2000). In the experiment three forms of the test were given, the first consisting of color patches, the second had the color words printed in black and the other was an incongruent test beaming the color did not match the color word

However, evidence from a recent series of experiments conducted by MacLeod and Dunbar (1988) suggests that the processes involved in the Stroop task may have not been inadequate. In their experiment they taught participants to use color words as names for arbitrary shapes that actually appeared in a neutral color. After 288 trials where there was a 72 trials per stimulus, participants could perform this shape-naming task without difficulty. At this point, the effect that ink color had on shape naming was tested by presenting participants with conflicting and congruent stimuli for example, shapes colored to conflict or agree with their assigned names. Ink color produced large interference and facilitation effects. However, when the task was reversed, and subjects were asked to state the color of the ink in which the

The Stroop test consisted two major posters of word lists: Incongruent list and Neutral list. Each poster included 20 words in 2 columns of 10 words each. All letters were stenciled, capitalized and 1 ¾ inches high. Both incongruent and neutral words were listed on the 56 x 71 cm posters Stopwatch with 0.01-second accuracy was used to time to measure how long participants took to read both incongruent and neutral word lists, which is a dependent variable for this experiment.

The experiment used the same red and green stimuli in each trial instead of other opponent colors such as black and white or blue and yellow. The small sample size studied could have also lead to random variation in the results.

In the second condition which is called Condition B, participants were told, “I am going to show you a picture of a watch which I want you to examine visually for one minute. Then I will ask you to draw it from memory. The watch itself will be removed. You will be allowed six minutes”. The picture of the watch was removed after one minute and participants were issued with pencils, erasers and papers. Then they were told “Please draw the watch as accurately as possible from memory. You have six minutes to do so.” They were told after five minutes, they had one minute left. Participants were then asked to write on the back of their drawing anything they felt was unusual about the watch. Drawings were then collected by the experimenter.

The variables were how many anagrams the participant believed he/she correctly solved, the participant’s ability to recall the color used, how challenging the participant felt the task was, how frustrated the participant was, if the participant believed forewarning would cause someone to do better or worse on the anagram task, how much the participants believed the color affected his/her performance, how much affect he/she believes the forewarning had on his/her performance, and how many correct answers the participants got. 8. What did they find in study two? Give the general outcome A part of the researchers’ hypothesis was supported.

The results of the information processing lab support the text in a number of ways. As the number of choices increased, the total response time also increased, verifying Hick’s Law. This then indicates that as the trials became more complex, information processing time was influenced. However, the subjects were able to bypass the complexity of the task when they were able to preview the color or

Participants consisted of two different groups, the experiment, and control. The experiment group had 36 grapheme-color synesthetes, who all passed a measuring test comprised of color associations. While the control group had 36 participants who reported not to have synaethesia

In the Stroop (1935) experiment he has proved that the effect is going to be one of the two slower or faster. In the non-conflict, some of the participants had to read two sets of words: set one with word written in their contradicting word so this has made it to be conflicting. Stroop (1935) came out to find that there are different association of words and the colors. Stroop (1935) wanted to see if they had any differences in the reaction time when the association was conducted. He noticed that the participants took longer read the conflicting word rather than the actual name word. The non-conflict was much easier and faster to do.

In the Stroop task, participants are asked to name the colour of the ink that a colour word is written in, while ignoring the written the word (Goldfarb et al., 2011; Raz et al., 2006). The task is comprised of congruent words, where the ink colour and the written word match and incongruent words, where the ink colour and the written word do not match. The Stroop task has illustrated that participants respond slower and less accurately when the word is incongruent compared to when it is congruent (Goldfarb et al., 2011; Raz et al., 2006). The difference in the accuracy and speed of responses between the congruent and incongruent words is called the Stroop Effect (Goldfarb et al., 2011; Raz et al., 2006). Research has suggested that this occurs

We are replicating J.R. Stroop’s original experiment The Stroop Effect (Stroop, 1935). The aim of the study was to understand how automatic processing interferes with attempts to attend to sensory information. The independent variable of our experiment was the three conditions, the congruent words, the incongruent words, and the colored squares, and the dependent variable was the time that it took participants to state the ink color of the list of words in each condition. We used repeated measures for the experiment in order to avoid influence of extraneous variables. The participants were 16-17 years of age from Garland High School. The participants will be timed on how long it takes them to say the color of the squares and the color of the words. The research was conducted in the Math Studies class. The participants were aged 16-17 and were students at Garland High School. The results showed that participants took the most time with the incongruent words.