Controversial Robber Barons: Hearst And Mellon

Around this time (1889) big money was being made. There were a select few who made crazy fortunes on their own, in oil and steel, guys like John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie. Andrew Carnegies dream was to have his own steel company that would create the steel from the beginning to the end. When his dreams came true he made a fortune. He was very generous in the way of philanthropy,

A Review of The Myth of the Robber Barons a book by Burton Folsom JR.

Andrew Carnegie was one of the wealthiest men in America but his wealth didn’t come without hard work and dedication. Carnegie was born in “Dunfermline, Scotland on November 25, 1835” (Tyle). According to Laura B. Tyle, the invention of the weaving machine unfortunately pushed Carnegie’s family in to poverty “In 1848, Carnegie’s family left Scotland and moved to Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, where his father and eventually him worked in a cotton factory” (Tyle). After leaving the cotton factory “Carnegie became a messenger boy for the Pittsburgh telegraph office and eventually made his way up to telegraph operator” (Tyle). According to Laura B. Tyle “Thomas A. Scott, the superintendent of the western division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, made Carnegie his secretary at the age of eighteen.” Later, Carnegie took over Scott’s position of the railroad. Furthermore Carnegie “began to see that steel was going to replace iron and by 1873 he organized a steel rail company” (Tyle). According to Laura B. Tyle he continued to build his company when he “cut prices, drove out competitors,

Without Carnegie, the steel industry, and the second industrial revolution in general, would never have progressed as much as it did. Carnegie did what was necessary to make the steel industry more productive and more efficient, for less money. He was a shrewd, ruthless, businessman who’s aggressiveness made the steel, railroad, and oil industries so economically successful. These characteristics, though not always looked upon as nice or sympathetic, were sometimes necessary. He had paid his time as a poor factory boy, and now it was his turn to live comfortably and aid others less fortunate to work towards the same success.

Andrew Carnegie was known to be the most hypocritical of all robber barons. He supported worker’s rights but couldn’t uphold his own moral code. Under his watch, his company cut worker’s wages and extended hours. Carnegie caused an uprise of his own workers and created the Homestead Strike of 1892. He approved that his company should hire men to intimidate the workers into submission, which sparked violence and ultimately resulted in many people getting killed. Andrew Carnegie used his wealth and influence to his benefit, paying a replacement to fight for him to avoid getting drafted in the Civil War. Andrew Carnegie was a powerful robber baron that used vertical integration to control the steel industry.

In a book published in 1991 by Burt Folsom, The Myth of the Robber Barons is essentially a book about two theories competing against one another, which is the political versus the market entrepreneurs. The book adamantly persuades the reader into believing market entrepreneurship has provided Americans with greater results versus political entrepreneurs featuring from real life scenarios to back up Mr. Folsom claims. He pointed out several market entrepreneurs in his book such as J.D. Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, James Hill and Charles Schwab as ones who helped changed the economic climate for Americans by providing superior and lower-cost products and/or services than its competitors. Mr. Folsom continued to shine light on several political

     Let us first look at Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie was a mogul in the steel industry. Carnegie

Like any other “Robber Baron” during the late 1800’s, J.P. Morgan was no different. He controlled finance and industrial consolidation and was well-known for being a banker. Credited for being one of the few to shape the U.S., Morgan did have a lust of power and greed, but that doesn’t stop him from being America’s leading businessman. His impact goes as far as the present with the many companies he created.

Andrew Carnegie. Who was he? Was he just a robber baron or a captain of industry. Andrew was a self made Entrepreneur in the late 1800s. He was the owner of the Carnegie Steel Company which monopolized the steel industry. In 1889 he wrote the famous “Gospel of Wealth” which made the use of libraries to give to the worthy poor that were smart to use them. He also gave away 350 million dollars. On the other side Carnegie’s steel workers were treated poorly by long working hours and reduced wages. He also gave support to the plant manager Henry Frick who hired Pinkerton thugs to intimidate workers on strike and many were killed in the conflict. Andrew Carnegie was sometimes saw as a robber baron taking others money to give away not spending his own money On the other hand people saw him as a captain of industry giving to the worthy poor with libraries and millions of dollars.

Often considered as the most unscrupulous of the robber barons, Jay Gould was involved with Tammany Hall and William “Boss” Tweed from the initial stages of his business career. Shortly after hurting his reputation in a gold speculation that induced the Black Friday panic 1in 1869, he went on to gain control of western railroads such as the Union Pacific and Missouri Pacific railroads. By 1882, Gould had a firm grip on 15% of the United States’ total trackage. Although many of his contemporaries feared him because of his ability to influence the market, he was recognized by other magnates as a rather skilled businessman. From his rather corrupt business practices, Jay Gould built up and ultimately established his reputation in the 19th century through his involvement with the Erie railway, the panic of Black Friday, and Tammany Hall which reassured his position as one of the leading robber barons during the Industrial Revolution.

No wonder that only a handful of people can’t distinguish that this old man was a crock and deserves to rot in hell! With all this positive media attention, the public had been fed lies! In real life, this money hungry, greedy villain is the prime reason why the Sherman Antitrust Act was passed. Rockefeller’s dream was to monopolize the oiling industry, and he so successfully did. Because of his great empire (the Standard Oil Co.)

Throughout American industrialization, large industries were run by some of the richest men in history. These men got the nickname “robber barons” due to their creation of large monopolies by making questionable business and government activities, and by taking advantage of their workers to succeed. But in The Myth of the Robber Barons by Burton W. Folsom, he argues against these claims, and he takes a deeper look into some of America’s richest and most successful men. By specifically looking at Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, James J. Hill, the Scranton family and many more, Folsom believed that these so-called robber barons were actually entrepreneurs with a drive to succeed, leading to an improvement in American lives.

Mellon began expanding his firm into industrial fields such as aluminum, steel, oil, coal, and coke by providing capital for corporations. Mellon’s financial backing led to the creation of the Aluminum Company of America and the Gulf Oil Company. He also helped found the

He sold the company to J. P. Morgan, for which he personally received $250 million of the $492 million Morgan paid for it. He supported and began many corporations and institutions. Many positive establishments were created only because of his generous donations. To this day many people are still benefiting from the large Carnegie fortune.

Mellon Bank had complete control of the Pittsburgh banks which allowed them to distribute more money to the rapidly growing industries in Pittsburgh. He also added a national bank, a savings bank, and an insurance company, and he had also established a trust company. Mellon continued to expand, started several companies, and financed Mellon Brother’s Bank in North Dakota. The Mellon bank account went from $2.5 million to $4.2 million, which showed the success that Mellon had achieved. Mellon became interested in a Pittsburgh aluminum company, which he loaned $25,000 to and became the director. Mellon also entered the oil industry because of the opportune time and what seemed to be in store for his future. Mellon incorporated the “Mellon System” which meant that he controlled every aspect of a product from the raw material, refining and production, and to the finished product and its sale. Mellon had an incredible gift of seeing business opportunities and how to exploit