Controversies On Human Sociobiology By Edward Wilson

(P1)The biological approach means that our behavior is the cause of biological factors. This approach looks at our genetics to construct a reason why we act the way we do and why we develop abnormal behaviors. The brain and nervous system are the biological approach and so are chemical changes in the body .This can mean chemical reactions in the brain. For instance, in eating disorders - twin studies were carried out and it was shown that if one identical twin suffered from an eating disorder then the other twin would also be more likely to suffer from a disorder as well. This did not happen with non-identical twins, suggesting that the

William Wilson is among the sociologists who managed to lay a strong groundwork on sociology by his arguments and theories. According to him, sociology is a field of study that ranges from ethology to sociology, making it more of a program which is modest since it incorporates different disciplines. Wilson believes that biology is clear evidence that there is a relationship between genetic makeup and human behavior especially their social behavior. The studies he conducted on human behavior revealed that behavioral traits of humans like creativity were as a result of genetic organization. Wilson was simply trying to say that biological genes can greatly influence the manner in which humans behaves including predicting their possibility of criminal offense. The altruistic behavior of humans is a proof that natural selection takes place at a group level. It means that the purpose of natural selection is to look at the manner in which humans behaves in

The biological approach states that “all thoughts, feeling & behavior ultimately have a biological cause” (Simply Psychology). This approach says that we are affected by biological factors. Biological factors are “anything which affects the function and behavior of a living organism. Internally, this factor can be a physical, physiological, chemical, neurological, or genetic condition

A bio-psychosocial describes an approach systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery. Biological factors include defective biological processes compounds that lead to biological dysfunction and illness. Psychological factors are about the individual’s emotions, behavior, and mental processes. Social factors include social status and relations. These factors are all considered in an attempt to understand the underlying factors of such disease.

First we will look into the biological aspect of human behavior. Biological pertains to one’s body chemistry and from a psychological standpoint the chemistry of the brain. No two people have exactly the

More than two centuries have passed since the thirteen original American colonies freed themselves from British rule and became the United States of America. The founding fathers established a federal republic governed by a Constitution which recognises the rights of citizens and establishes the election of its leaders. These basic principles of law separate the governing Powers into judicial, legislative, and executive branches which limit and control each other's powers. Throughout the years the presidents who can serve only two elected terms have brought to their office their own visions for improving the nation's domestic and foreign policies and have just left their lasting legacies. Theodore Roosevelt, the twenty-sixth president, who

Mark Twain uses themes in his novel Pudd’nhead Wilson in attempts to express his ideologies and beliefs about the treatment of slaves based on his personal experiences. Twain writes mainly about nature versus nurture and the effects of slavery in Pudd’nhead Wilson, allowing him to educate his readers and state his opinions in the context of a story that can be relatable or entertaining. Nature versus nurture describes how two identical people from birth can become completely unalike based on the environments and conditions they are raised under. In Pudd’nhead Wilson, the two children that Roxy raises, Tom and Chambers, look identical, yet the divergent paths they both follow build them into individual people with opposite lives. On the outside, Tom seems to be a free white man, but when looking closer at his actions, it becomes clear that he isn’t who he appears to be. Tom was originally intended to become a slave due to his African American ancestry. However, after being switched at birth with Chambers, he becomes a white man while Chambers lives a life of slavery. This leads Tom down a road of gambling, debts, and robbery as he uses his appearance as an excuse for his careless actions. To everyone else in the novel, Tom looks to be an unassuming and

Biological psychology, of biopsychology, is the application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes in terms of bodily mechanisms. The view that psychological processes have biological (or physiological) correlates, is the basic assumption of the whole field of biological psychology. Biological psychology is a hopeful domain, one that has much to offer in terms of improving the quality of life of the healthy as well as those suffering from disorders. It also contributed important therapeutic data on a variety of conditions, including: Parkinson 's Disease, Alzheimer 's Disease, Clinical depression, Schizophrenia and a lot others. Humans have very complex nervous system, they use neurons and neurotransmitters to make the highest active communication network throughout the body. “most of the body’s neurons are found in the central nervous system(CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord” (psychology 5th edition). “Neuroscience emphasizes that the brain and nervous system are central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion. (Van Horn, 2014; Zhao & others, 2014). Therefore, for biological psychologist all that is psychological is first physiological. All thoughts, feeling & behavior ultimately have a biological cause.” We are benefited from biological approach for diagnosing and treating human brains Ex. Schizophrenia. Scientists are also able to create medications for different types of illnesses. Besides having psychologists

On the surface level, Paul B. Wilson, Sr. and I possess a couple of similarities; we both grew up on Cherry Street in Mahoningtown and I aspire to enter the medical field and become a veterinarian. However, if one were to analyze our lives, they would find that we work towards the same morals of life. During my career as a student at New Castle High School, I have learned how to become a better student and to continuously grow as a person. This building has morphed my character in a myriad of ways. Overall, it has taught me on how to be a better student, achieve higher grades, and apply an abundance of work to accomplish my goals. Due to this, I have earned a 4.93 GPA and a membership in National Honor Society. However, like Mr. Wilson, I

Edward O. Wilson’s The Future of Life uses satire to show the two opinions of two different sides of the idea of environmentalism. On one side, the “People First Critic” accuses the environmentalists as being out of control in their efforts to make the world a better place by helping the environment. However, the “Environmentalist” criticises the opposing critic as not caring enough about the environment and that supposedly makes him wrong. These are both two different sides to the same argument and both are out to prove a point.

Ideas and theories can cross over from one discipline to another. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, can help interpret information about the world around us. Science helps solve puzzles. Sociobiology explains survival and cultural behaviors. Concepts that start off in science, may be applied towards sociology and culture in general. Thomas Kuhn presented the theory of paradigms over fifty years ago. This theory can be applied towards changes outside of natural science. Change happens in nature and in everyday lives. Richard Dawkins, a well-known evolutionary biologist, changed the way people viewed the world (Gleick, 2011). Sociobiology experts believe that evolution applies the understanding of genes as well as cultural and social

Contemporary scientist Edward O. Wilson captures the opposing viewpoints of environmentalism based discourses through satirical language. In Wilson’s literary work The Future of Life, the author, by use of candid tone, frequent hyperbole and an appeal to pathos, is able to satirize the unproductiveness of such discussions.

Biological psychology is the study of how biology affects a number of psychological processes i.e. how the mind affects the body (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner & Hood 2015). The study of the mind has had many influential figures throughout history that often use each other’s ideas as a stepping stone to further advance psychology, some of the first being Plato and Aristotle. Plato believed in nativism and theorised some skills and characteristics are innate and a person is born with them (Schacter et al, 2015). Aristotle, however, was in favour of philosophical empiricism i.e. that all knowledge is acquired through experience, yet current scientists do not consider that nativism and empiricism are entirely accurate (Schacter et al, 2015). Aristotle also believed that the brain existed to cool the blood, as during that time people were sceptical that an organ could be responsible for behaviour (Kolb, Whishaw & Teskey 2016). The next major advancement in biological psychology was the introduction of phrenology by Francis Gall, Gall’s theory suggested that all psychological capabilities had a specific place in the brain (Schacter et al, 2015). This theory later turned out to be correct, although was overshadowed by Gall’s insistence that he could state a person’s character dependant on the size of lumps and indentations on a person’s skull, which he thought would represent the size of that brain region beneath (Schacter et al, 2015). Due to this, in spite of a large following, phrenology was quickly discredited. Biologist Pierre Flourens, unhappy with Gall’s research, began removing localized areas of the brain in various animals to observe their behaviour (Schacter et al, 2015). Flourens then found that animal’s movements differed to those with intact brains. This mirrored a situation for surgeon Paul Broca with whom one of his patients had damage to the left side of

My guttural reaction to reading the Fay and Moon paper was mild annoyance, particularly at the suggestion “if the humanists fail to provide an account of social theories, we fare little better at the hands of the naturalists.” (219) Intentionality, according to Fay and Moon, is the pinch point as far as the naturalist is concerned. There is an underlying assumption for both that intentionality is not something which can be accounted for within an naturalist perspective, “the social sciences are needed to explain phenomenon which are different from those in the natural world--the are intentional[.]” (219) Due to intricacies of implied meanings of humans, they suggest that human interactions are too complex to be understood solely in terms of their natural properties.

The Biological Perspective: This is the study of exactly how the physical events within the physical body interact with the events in the external environment. This is expressed by our perceptions, memories, behaviors and interactions with everything around us. We can think about our heredity and genetic makeup and the influences that has on each one of us as an individual. Then think about the stress of poor health and illness and how we may express our emotions with those around us. Since we are diverse as individuals we rely on our physiological make up and the stimuli of our environment to adapt to each situation. This human biology helps us to constantly adapt and survive in an ever-changing world.