Controversy: Does Intelligence Really Exist?

Bibliography Brainmetrix.com. “Intelligence definition.” Brain Metrix. 2007. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. Breyer, Melissa, and 25 p. Which of the 8 kinds of intelligence do you have? MNN - Mother Nature Network, 13 Jan. 2016. Web. 13 Jan. 2016. Gariépy, Jean-François. What is intelligence ? 31 Dec. 2012. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. “Human intelligence | psychology.” Encyclopædia Britannica. N.p.: Encyclopædia Britannica, 7 May 2015. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. Inc, Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam Webster,U.S., 9 Apr. 2015. Print. Kaufman, Scott Barry. What do IQ tests test? Interview with psychologist W. Joel Schneider. Scientific American Blog Network, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2016. Mann, Denise. “Does IQ test really measure intelligence?” WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2016. McLennan community college university. “What is intelligence.ppt.” Mccu.org. n.d. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. Miller, Max, et al. What is intelligence? Big Think, 2 Sept. 2010. Web. 13 Jan. 2016. Muehlhauser, Luke. “What is intelligence? - machine intelligence research institute.” Analysis. Machine Intelligence Research Institute, 19 June 2013. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. “The Difference Between Intelligence and Common Sense.” Quora. 20 Jan. 2015. Web. 20 Jan. 2016. “The Three types of intelligence you need for success.” Psychology Today, 7 Oct. 2013. Web. 20 Jan. 2016. Citations, Quotes & Annotations Brainmetrix.com. “Intelligence definition.” Brain Metrix. 2007. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. (Brainmetrix.com) "While

Ever since Spearman proposed the intelligence theory with G factor, there were several other intelligence theories proposed in response or as an alternative to Spearman’s. Among those, Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence and Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory would be the most influential ones as they are widely accepted and used in real life. Both of the theories share a critical view towards the unitary perspective which is the traditional definition of intelligence. However, the two theories differ in which they don’t agree with what factors should be the measures of intelligence, as well as the emphasis of the two theories.

Howard Gardner introduced the theory of multiple intelligences stating that each person possesses a blend of at least eight different kinds of intelligence: verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, visual/spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and environmental/naturalistic (Bruno, 2009).

Gottfredson, (1997) stated that intelligence is ‘a very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience.

Intelligence by definition is “the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills” (Oxford Dictionary, 2014). However, many psychologists argue that there is no standard definition of ‘intelligence’, and there have been many different theories over time as psychologists try to find better ways to define this concept (Boundless 2013). While some believe in a single, general intelligence, others believe that intelligence involves multiple abilities and skills. Another largely debated concept is whether intelligence is genetically determined and fixed, or whether is it open to change, through learning and environmental influence. This is commonly known as the nature vs. nurture debate.

According to Howard Garner (King, 2014), there are nine forms of intelligence: “Verbal-linguistic, Mathematical, Visual-spatial, Musical, Naturalistic, Bodily-kinesthetic, Existentialist, Interpersonal, and

It wasn’t until the year 1920 that different types of intelligence were defined. It was proposed by a man named EL Thorndike, and he separated the different types of intelligence into three categories: abstract, mechanical, and social intelligence. Years later, it was argued that social intelligence is somewhat

Race and intelligence is a controversial area of intelligence research studying the nature, origins, and practical consequences of racial and ethnic group differences in intelligence test scores and other measures of cognitive ability. It has been suggested that people of various races do have different levels of intelligence, however the controversy of establishing what exactly makes a person ‘intelligent' is the basis for argument. Intelligence is defined as the capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity; aptitude in grasping truths, relationships, facts, meanings, etc. (Dockrell, 1970) says "intelligence may be taken to mean ability – what a person can do at this moment." Due to the complex

Good morning Paige Murray, I really enjoyed reading your post. You gave a nice brief definition of Intelligence that flowed right into your topic of discussion. I like that you started out with your opinion of what you think about this particular theory. I see your point when you stated "One theory of intelligence is mentally gifts theory. This theory covers gifted children if they are gifted musical, if they are gifted intellectually or genetically. If the child is gifted musically when they can be called a prodigy they can be called a prodigy music or they can be called a prodigy of just being smart" was an interesting topic. I wanted to inform you that the psychologist who came up with this theory is Charles Spearman. He created the g factor

The study of intelligence is an important facet of Psychology that details the factors that go into the perception of people as “smart” or “dumb.” A plethora of different theories have been put forth that address this issue of Intelligence. Two of the most prominent ones include Charles Spearman’s g theory and Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory. Spearman’s theory has allowed for statistical reasoning with regards to important social issues. Gardner’s theory has important consequences in education. Important also in the study of Intelligence is a philosophical perspective and the triarchic theory. In newer research biological factors have proven to be important to intelligence as

The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by Dr. Howard Gardner in 1983. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a critique of the standard psychological view of intellect: there is a single intelligence, adequately measured by IQ or other short answer tests. Instead, on the basis of evidence from disparate sources, the theory claims that human beings have a number of relatively discrete intellectual capacities. IQ tests assess linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence, and sometimes spatial intelligence; they are a reasonably good predictor of who will do well in school. This is because humans have several other significant intellectual capacities (Harvard University).

When a person utters the word “intelligence,” people tend to think of a genius like Albert Einstein developing some obscure equation that the great majority of the population will never understand. The problem with the definition of intelligence is that people relate intelligence to words like “genius” which require intelligence but do not have the same definition as intelligence. Often, people try to use related words to define intelligence, but these words are unable to define intelligence since many are only different levels of intelligence. While many definitions try to encompass the meaning of intelligence and various definitions describe a small part of intelligence, no definition completely explains intelligence, because

All of these intelligences in the MI theory highly go against what is considered the traditional measures of IQ and the belief that intelligence are a sole entity that is congenital (Smith, 2002-2008). This theory takes into account the deficiencies of prior and traditional philosophies on what intelligence is and focuses on neurobiology studies that shows the brain has different modes of information processing, thus different intellectual strengths (Gardner, 2001, pg.63).

Intelligence is defined as the mental ability of a person to learn and understand effectively and efficiently what is happening around. If any person is considered good enough in communication, understanding and learning, logical reasoning, facts and figures, general knowledge, ability to interpret information and other alike mental activities which account for personal growth, we say that he/she is wise and intelligent. Unfortunately, intelligence is mostly used in terms of learning education only, but general knowledge and common sense are also categorized in intelligence as they constitute a great part of someone's personality. All what is described is usually termed as general intelligence, which had been the subject of interest until researchers from different fields like psychology, artificial intelligence and neurology introduced the concept of "Multiple intelligences". Some theories regarding this phenomena state that "human mind consists of independent and autonomous intelligences, all or some of which can be used at the same time, in contrast to the correlation of all intelligences". The most famous and authentic theory in this regard was presented by famous developmental psychologist Howard Earl Gardner in his book "Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences" (1983).

Gardner identified 8 “intelligences”: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, mechanical-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal intrapersonal, and naturalist. (Armstrong) According to the theory: Linguistic intelligence