Convection Current ( Chris Woodford 2014 )

The system transfers heat to the surroundings and as a result, its temperature is decreasing. The surrounding (room temperature water) accepts the heat from the system, and thus, its temperature increases. The specific capacity of the calorimeter is calculated using msystem Cp ΔTsystem + Ccal ΔTcal = 0 (Eq.5). In the second part, the calculated capacity of the calorimeter from the first part is used so as to determine the specific capacity of an unknown metal. The metal is placed in boiling water and works as the system when it is added into the calorimeter.

Copper is used in various industries including: Building Industry – 47%, Transportation – 10%, Consumer Products – 11%, Electronic Products – 23% and Industrial Machines – 9%. Copper is an extremely good conductor, which is why it is produced and used in forms of copper wire, cabling, generators, motors and various other appliances. Copper’s resistance to corrosion means it can be used in areas containing moisture such as water piping and tanks, plumbing, and also in hot water systems which is effective due to its suitable heat conduction. It is easy to form shapes such as pipes with copper due to its malleability. Copper also has the ability to lose heat very quickly, which makes it an effective element to be used in air conditioning and heat exchangers.

During my experiment I 've learned a fairly great deal about temperatures, and how to convert Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. In my observation I have learned that water boils at 100 degree Celsius, and freezes at 0 degree Celsius.

What I learned from this lab is that when you put metal in hot water it does not go up alot the Initial temperature was 23.8 degrees and once we put in the metal it was finished we took the temp and saw the final was 23.9 degrees. That did not go up pretty much it went up like .1 degrees.

Hypothesis: If we drop two drops of food coloring at different locations, then we think the movement of the water will change.

There are four major grades of stainless steel manufactured for various applications. The most commonly used stainless steel in any home or business is 316 Stainless Steel Plates for utilization in different industries today. This subcategory for 300-grade steel means that the level of chromium in the overall steel composition is higher making it more resistant to corrosion without the use of other organic sealants. The high degree of chromium mixed with oxygen gives stainless steel the natural barrier against rusting, unlike carbon steel.

ΔHrxn = (-5990 Joules) (1 kJ / 1000 J) = -5.99 kJ / 0.1 mol = -59.9 kJ/mol

In this experiment the specific heats of aluminum and copper were found. Through calculations and the experiments, the purpose of this lab, which was to determine the specific heat of two metal was achieved. According to the data, the specific heat of aluminum is 0.495 J/g℃ and copper’s is 0.168J/g℃. However, sources of error during this lab did occur, including assumptions made and the calorimeter system used. It was assumed that the metal reached the same temperature as the boiling water, however this was not calculated. Due to this the metal may not have reached the same temperature was the water in the beaker thus skewing the results of the specific heat. In addition, the assumption that the temperature of the metal and water became equal

During this experiment, both the water and the copper had gone through many different temperature changes and a physical change. Originally, the copper was very rusty and old. However, because the copper is a metal and can raise to very high temperatures without melting, we were able to perform this experiment. When putting the copper over the flame, the flame became more of a red color as it touched the copper, because it was transferring the heat and the copper gradually became hotter from the original temperature over the course of 2 minutes. After the copper was done heating, it was placed right into the water. The water began to slowly evaporate as the copper released energy, causing a good amount of heat. This would cause the temperature

Heat capacity, C, is the quantity of heat needed to raise the system 's temperature by one degree.

If someone were to touch a metal desk, it would feel much colder than a fabric blanket. This is because the desk is made of a conductor, so the heat from the person’s hand is transferred very quickly to the desk. The blanket does not conduct the heat as efficiently, which makes in an insulator. Another example of this can be found simply in a disposable coffee cup. These cups are made of Styrofoam, which is a polymer, an insulator. Coffee cups are not insulated with metal, because metals are conductors. In an experiment conducted by Adam Jay, in which two thicknesses of fiberglass, styrofoam, and no insulation were used to prevent water from decreasing in temperature over time, 3.5 inch fiberglass was the most effective insulator, with a loss of 18.9°C over a span of 120 minutes. The Styrofoam lost 29.7°C over the same time period, but the water with no insulation lost 31.5°C, proving that Styrofoam is a better insulator than air, (Jay). In another experiment by Grant Bishko, cans were wrapped in a different insulator: foil, bubble, air, cloth, and cotton. Of these materials, the cotton was the best insulator, with a loss of only 8°C over ten minutes. Air, or no insulator, was the worst insulator, losing a total of 12°C during those 10 minutes, (Bishko). So, it can be concluded that the cotton and the polymer will be the best insulators during this experiment because of their high specific heats.

* a. A 100.-g sample of water is placed in an insulated container and allowed to come to room temperature at 21ºC. To heat the water sample to 41ºC, how much heat must you add to it?

When heat is added to a substance, the kinetic energy of individual particles increases, which makes them move faster resulting in a increase in temperature. The more heat that is added per gram of substance, the greater the temperature change. The relationship between the heat added, the mass of a substance, and the temperature change it undergoes is known as the specific heat.

The specific heat could be defined as the amount of heat energy per one kilogram required to raise the temperature by a degree kelvin. In this experiment the, there is heating of water and the metals by, electrical energy been converted into heat energy. A certain voltage is required to give rise to the temperatures for according to Charles law, voltage is directly proportional to temperature provided that pressure is constant.

This week I did an exploration into heat propagation. I chose to do applications on both a linear item and a two dimensional item. I have very rarely chosen to do mathematical applications with connections to physics, and I wanted to move out of my comfort zone. The question of this exploration is what happens to the temperature of an object when subjected to external constant heat sources of different temperatures. My initial thought is that the item would reach a new constant temperature. My initial hypothesis was wrong. In this model I leaned that even though the heat sources are constant the temperature of the rod expands to a linear bridge from one heat source to another.