Conversion disorder is a medical condition where its sufferers present neurological symptoms such as paralysis, numbness, blindness or fits without a known neurological trigger. Conversion disorder, formerly known as hysteria is considered a psychiatric disorder by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which classifies it as a somatoform disorder. Contrary, World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases
(ICD-10) classifies it as a dissociative disorder.
The diagnosis of this neurological disorder has been problematic in the past, since doctors have conceptually and practically differentiated its symptoms from those of neurological diseases for which it is known to be. Most psychologists have
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The diagnosis of conversion disorder involves three elements all of which present some degree of controversy. These three elements are: the exclusion of neurological disease, feigning and finally the determination of a psychological mechanism. During the first stage, conversion disorder may resemble neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, stroke or epilepsy therefore they must be carefully excluded through appropriate examinations. In rare cases, patients with neurological disease may also have conversion disorder, which further complicates the determination of the degree of the conversion disorder in the patient. Exclusion of conscious simulation is only possible where a patient confesses or is caught out in a broader deception. Lastly, establishment of a psychological mechanism is the most difficult aspect of conversion disorder diagnosis. DSM-IV recommends that clinicians assume preceding stressors to be associated with the progress of the disorder which is still a subject of debate.
Notably, cultural influences have been noted to affect the somatoform disorders. Cultures such as the Puerto Rican and the Greek are known to report higher rates of somatization disorders among the men than is the case in the United States. In addition, cases of somatization disorders are less common among persons with higher levels of education compared to the less educated. According to Robert (2002), rates are higher outside of the west, which can be attributed to
As mentioned above this disease affects three areas of the brain; the language (difficulty with
The condition includes those known as Pick’s Disease, Frontal Lobe Degeneration and Dementia associated with Motor Neurone disease.
When put under hypnosis, the personality that could emerge may be responsive to the therapist's requests. Underlying this somehow scary phenomenon, the person can be experiencing depression, mood swings, and suicidal tendencies. Accompanying this disorder, these persons can also have sleep disorders like insomnia or somnambulism. They may have anxiety disorders, alcoholism, and eating disorders as well. They often have hallucinations, both auditory and visual, which aggravate the situation. Even more alarming than the already frightening aspects of the disorder, some MPD patients even have a tendency to self-persecute, sabotage themselves and inflict on the their own bodies violence. They would also do what normal persons would not, like go into risky activities and commit crime because they feel like they are being compelled to do it. In a way, they truly believe that they have no other choice but to do it (WebMd).
The patient remains delusional, agitated and guarded, he always depressed, isolate and withdrawn. He still have disorganized thought and still has inappropriate emotional response because o the voices in his head. He stated that "I am so afraid of the voices in my head, they wont stop unless I'll follow them, I am afraid of dying but I think I would be better off dead, I have no choice but to follow the voices". He still insisting he will follow his belief. He remains sad and anxious, still showing self isolation and still cannot think for personal safety. His judgment, insight and impulse control are still poor. He remains a danger to self and a danger to self. He still needs an inpatient psychiatric hospital level of care as he refuses to
disorder is the a neurological condition in which a person has an uncomfortable sensation of
Dissociative disorders are one of the most controversial disorders that exist. It is often argued that the disorder does not actually exist and that people are over-diagnosed. Dissociative disorders is a type of psychological disorder that involve a sudden loss of memory of change in identity due to the dissociation (separation) of the individual’s conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts. A common example of a dissociation is when an individual daydreams and becomes unaware of the passage of time. However, this is just a very mild case of dissociation and is normal to experience. The NAMI (National Alliance on Medical Health) declares that approximately half of Americans have experienced a dissociative episode in their life but only two percent of those cases are severe enough to meet the full criteria of chronic episodes. This disorder is more often found in women rather than men.
Observably, the disorder mostly treated and cured by the traditional medicine in the culture. Cultural bound syndromes can either cause somatic complains, or can be simply behavioral with no connection to any effect on the body parts. On the other hand, researchers may choose to suggest that cultural based syndromes represent behaviors that may be acceptable in certain regions (Wilkinson 2000). Conversely, this disorders maybe highly disregarded in other areas.
Conversion disorder is a condition in which a patient shows symptoms of brain or nervous system problems, such as a stroke or seizure. However, no such problems can be found to explain the symptoms. This condition is also known as functional neurological symptom disorder. For people with conversion disorder, the symptoms may result in:
It is difficult for them to maintain that kind of act. The MindDisorders article has an example, “…hearing voices or seeing demons, or living with the idea that others can hear unspoken thoughts, would become a difficult act to maintain over time”. People would prefer faking a sad mood rather than hearing voices. In case of conversion disorders, the symptoms begin suddenly without any warning. There are some health care providers that falsely believe that conversion disorder is not a real condition and has to do with the problem in the person’s head according to the MedlinePlus article. It’s the same with a sugar pill. People swallow sugar pills that is only made out of sugar, but feel better after swallowing it. This has to do with the brain being tricked to whoever swallowed the pill. People are at a risk of conversion disorder if they already have a medical illness. Unlike malingering, conversion disorder patients cannot pick which type of symptom they want. Conversion disorder patients will either receive paralysis, numbness, or any other neurological symptoms depending on what they are stressing about. For example, if a woman wanted to punch a man because she was so angry, but did not end up doing the action, then she may lose numbness in her arms. It is insane on how fast the symptoms can occur. With one simple thought, a numbness on the arm or leg can happen in a matter of
Hysteria, as stated by Dinwiddie, has been traced back to the Hippocratic School of medicine, perhaps even as far back as ancient Egypt. Hysteria is when psychological conflict is turned into physical symptoms, such as when a patient complains of symptoms for which no clear physical cause. Somatization disorder has often been linked with hysteria in the same ways that hypochondriasis has, however these two diseases are not the same. In the past hypochondriasis was thought to be a somatization disorder, but has since been re-classified as an anxiety disorder by the DSM-IV (Ehrlich, 2013). A somatization disorder is a chronic condition in which a person has physical symptoms involving multiple body parts that have no physical cause, it is currently one of the hardest diseases to diagnose.
As an individual experiences a break from reality, it is acceptable to indicate they have entered into a psychosis state; which often leaves a person feeling frighten and confused among a combination of other symptoms. Many of these symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behavior, negative symptoms and are also referenced as psychotic symptoms as well. In addition, the presence of the different symptoms often become the indications of some type of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder depending on the severity, duration and complexity of the symptoms.
Hysteria is a mental disorder that causes uncontrollable emotions. When Hysteria was first diagnosed, it was something completely different than it was today. In about the 1800s Hysteria was thought of as a disease that the woman's sexual organs were not normal. Hysteria in today’s definition, causes social anxiety because the patient is anxious, and does not know when their next emotional outbreak will be.
In FD, neuronal atrophy impinges the anterior, frontal and temporal brain lobes. Language difficulty and varied behaviour are common
Essentially, clinical neuropsychology is the application of this information and knowledge, as well as knowledge from other fields of psychology, to the testing and treatment of humans having showed or performed signs of neurological illnesses or diseases (Barkley, 1983). These
The client self-reported that the current medication prescribed (Zyprexa 5mg, PO B.I.D) has not been helpful. The client stated "It hasn’t helped" and that "I still hear voices." Additionally, the client reported that he "blanks out" during conversions. This writer observed the client in group putting his finger in the air and moving his finger around in circles. It appears that he client could have been hallucinating.