Convoluted Feminism in Laurie R. King's The Beekeeper’s Apprentice

Throughout history, women have been viewed as the less dominant and less powerful gender. Gender has been used as a primary way of signifying relationships of power. In Kindred by Octavia E. Butler, the role of gender in power dynamics in both the 19th and 20th century is explored through the journey of the main character, Dana. In the novel, Dana time travels back and forth in time to the 1800’s and back to her present time of 1976. Throughout her time travel experience, the different roles and powers women held in both the 19th and 20th century are portrayed through the characters of Dana, Margaret, and Sarah.

women’s rights;” (28). When researching A Doll House, Templeton realized that numerous critics made Ibsen’s play into a promotion for “propaganda feminists” (28). Feminists believed that A Doll House was created to speak on the struggle and rights of women. Joan Templeton’s argument about feminism is convincing because she supports Ibsen’s intentions as being a person that just speaks the truth about humans let alone, not just female society.

“We are victims of a matriarchy here my friends…” (Harding). A matriarchy is a social order where women have power. In the novel One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest the women are portrayed as the power figures and have the power manipulate, or control the men in the ward, as shown by the characters of Nurse Ratched, Mrs. Bibbit, and Vera Harding.

As the perception of women changes constantly, society is the only factor in creating their ideal image. These societal views are the basis of their treatment, with the expectation that it is beneficial for them. However, societal expectations of women in the Elizabethan and Victorian eras severely limit their freedoms and rights. William Shakespeare’s Othello and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein portray most women in their typical roles. Both authors depict the level of injustice in society’s treatment of women through the passivity of women causing their deaths, the silencing of vulnerable women and the portrayal of women as more humane than men.

In the novel The Secret Life of Bees (2001), Sue Kidd creates a character, Terrence Ray Owens, that serves as the epitome of internal conflict. Kidd is able to show Terrence’s internal conflict through through a flashback from Lily’s friend August, and a series of violent actions inflicted on his daughter Lily. Kidd’s purpose in this novel is to display the ramifications of a broken home dynamic, in order to show how forgiveness to oneself and others is truly the first step to finding happiness.

She was a mother, a moral and political philosopher, a writer, and a feminist. Mary Wollstonecraft was the ideal image of what represented the push towards modern feminism. Some may even consider her as the founding mother of modern feminism itself. Much of Wollstonecraft’s literature is influenced by her own life experiences. In 1785, Wollstonecraft took on an employment opportunity as a governess. While spending most of her time there, she had a moment of epiphany where she realized that she was not suited for domestic work. Soon after, she returned to London and became a translator and wrote for a well-known publisher and discovered her love of writing. Eventually, years later she was then able to publish her most notable work, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is still a very popular book which can be seen as a guide to becoming a better citizen and understanding feminism in a critical context. This essay will argue that Mary Wollstonecraft is still relevant to the feminist cause today as her views portrayed in her book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman are still relatable to many of the feminist issues that currently exist around the world. This essay will do so by comparing how her views in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman can still be used as guiding principles to tackle feminist matters.

In Lewis Carroll’s, Alice in Wonderland, traditional gender roles are reversed by portraying women with masculine behaviors and males with qualities generally attributed to women. Where aggressive and dominating behavior is seen as masculine, and sensitive and submissive acts are considered feminine, Carroll paints a picture of a society where these qualities are switched. For instance, the Queen of Hearts is a dominating and aggressive figure who terrorizes her meek husband. While some characters seem to possess qualities that Carroll's contemporaries would consider traditional, they are in the minority and they serve the purpose of teaching Alice something about the true meaning of gender. Alice has to navigate this bizarre world to discover

No one expects to hear “used” when they ask a little girl what do you want to be when you grow up? Yet that is the exact expectations society places on them. Jessie Reyez expresses this in her short film and music video “Gatekeeper”. The artifact opposes the societal expectation that women must use their bodies and sexuality to be successful and instead teaches that they must not succumb to the ever present male dominance and can achieve success without dishing away their morals. Exploring the music video and film with a feminist and narrative perspective allows for a deeper look into the role of women and the moral of the story. Her message defying the status quo allows for positive implications where both men and women do not feel forced

In the works of Hannah Webster Foster’s “The Coquette”, there are characters who present themselves as morally ambiguous. During the time of the late eighteenth century, Feministic actions and attitude were not the social norm, and was almost looked down upon. Most men were still seen as superior to women, just because of their sex. Although now that is known to be false, Women were deemed to be subservient to the man. The role women were supposed to play during this time was the “housewife”. Free time for women was not supposed to be spent socializing but doing other things related to the maintenance of the family, from sewing socks to laundry.

In the story, The Beekeeper’s Apprentice, characters, such as Sherlock Holmes and Mary Russell, are a vital part to the elements of the theme. Towards the climax of the book, The Beekeeper’s Apprentice, Mary Russell grows to be like a female version of the her a master’s, Sherlock Holmes, character, “I threw myself furiously into my studies...My written work changed ... I drove myself. I ate less, worked invariably into the early hours of the morning, drank brandy now to help me sleep... I became, in other words, more like Holmes than the man himself: brilliant, driven to a point of obsession, careless of myself, mindless of others, but without passion and the deep-down, inbred love for the good in humanity that was the basis of his entire career... I, in the midst of the same human race became a thinking machine”(King 286-287).

The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver is a fiction about a girl named Taylor who grew up poor in Kentucky and moves to Arizona by herself. While driving she acquires an unexpected indian child. She learns how to be a mother and how to take care of herself at the same time. The story’s main theme is feminism because Taylor and women in the story were put down by men but stood up for themselves and she shows she is strong and just as powerful as a man.

Mary Wollstonecraft, who was born during the age of enlightenment in the 18th century, is one of the most prominent feminists in women’s history. Her book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman led her to become one of the first feminists, advocating for the rights of women. Born in a time where women’s education was neither prominent nor important, Wollstonecraft was raised with very little education. However, events in her life influenced her to begin writing, such as the way her father, Edward John Wollstonecraft treated her mother, “into a state of wearied servitude” (Kries,Steven)1. In 1792, she published Vindication on the Rights of Woman, which is one of the most prominent feminist pieces to date. This book is considered a reply to

Women roles in society have been to take care of their families, and do what is required of “ a woman”. In Jamaica Kincaid’s poem Girl, a mother is giving her daughter advice on how to be a woman; simultaneously, reminding her if she does not obey these duties, she will be considered a “slut”. The mother is explaining to her, the role women play in society, how to act around a man, take care of your spouse, and how to never act less than a woman. Reading Kincaid’s poem alongside the academic article titled, The Female Breadwinner: Phenomenological Experience and Gendered Identity in Work/ Family Spaces, I have concluded that women’s roles in society are outrageous; however, they are improving. This poem has more to do with gender roles and less to do with the pride, integrity, and self worth a woman feels internally as a result of the things she has been taught.

In some novels, women either have a trivial role or contribute to the overall meaning of the work. In some fashion, women have an obvious or underlying hand in the grand scheme of the storyline. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is centered around the character of Elizabeth Bennet. Elizabeth’s character in itself is the embodiment of independence and non-conformity. In every aspect and trait of Elizabeth’s being, she constantly goes against the grain of what society perceives to be proper and correct. Through the use of Elizabeth’s appearance, adherence to social status, and concept of marriage, Jane Austen paints a character that has enough strong-will to challenge the strict social rules.

In 1990 Judith Butler first published her book Gender Troubles, where she questions gender roles. Butler theorizes that gender, as in male and female, is a type of societal/gender colonialism created to keep people who do not fall within the gender roles from being part of the mainstream society. In her 1999 preface, in which she addresses the impact her book had in the decade since its original publication, Butler expresses the concern she had with the “heterosexual assumption in feminist literary theory (61).” Butler utilizes the works of other feminist philosophers to further demonstrate the inconsistency, and disconnect between fighting for women rights and fighting for human rights. Judith Butler makes an interesting argument on the failure to recognize the spectrum of gender, however, she makes a compelling argument on the use of language perpetuating a patriarchal society.