Cooperative Extension works to offer diverse educational programs in agriculture, community development, food and nutrition, youth development, and natural resources (Franz & Townson, 2008). It consists of being a part of every state’s land grant universities, the United States Department of Agriculture, and local county governments. Part of the reason it got its name is because it is an extension of the land-grant universities. It is currently the largest adult education organization in the United States. The Morrill Act of 1862 is what eventually led to the development of Cooperative Extension. Land-grant universities were started because of the Morrill Act, and in 1914 the Smith-Lever act allocated funds to land-grant universities. …show more content…
One evaluation specialists that had a big impact on Cooperative Extension evaluation advancements was Claude Bennett. The work he did helped Extension workers think simultaneously with various types of program outcomes (Rennekamp and Engle, 2008). This started getting Extension workers to think about what goals they wanted their program to reach and to evaluate what was being done. The first national assessment of Cooperative Extension was done by Warner and Christenson in 1984 (Rennekamp and Engle, 2008). They wanted to take a look at the public’s perception of Extension, and to find out what they knew about Extension. Their results indicated that approximately 40% of the population recognized the name and among those who had used Extension services before, 90% of them were satisfied (Rennekamp and Engle, 2008). Although Extension had good feedback for the results that their services provided, there came a time when the environment changed resulting in them needing to adapt. People wanted to know more about the details on the program. Extension, and other publicly funded agencies, had to be able to defend who and how people were beings served (Rennekamp and Engle, 2008). The Extension Committee on Organization and Policy responded by appointing a national task force on accountability and evaluation in Cooperative Extension (Rennekamp and Engle, 2008). Eventually, Cooperative Extension …show more content…
Evaluation practices were most likely instigated by external pressure from the public to validate results and ensure program quality (Rennekamp and Engle, 2008). Cooperative Extension programs realized that a large portion of the financial support they received was funding that involved the public. In order to keep receiving funding, they had to adapt and make changes to their program to ensure the public was getting what they wanted and had their questions answered. Cooperative Extension as a whole adapted evaluation, but due to the multitudes of program provided by them and the difference of demand depending on the location, how they went about evaluating
In 1862, the Land-Grant College Act or Morrill Act was signed into being; it supplied the land for educational facilities that would focus on “agriculture and mechanic arts” and provide military training as part of the education. The act was named after Justin Smith Morrill, a congressman from Vermont, and would grant “each state 30,000 acres for each of its congressional seats.” The states could sell off the granted land to fund schools, both new and pre-existing. The Morrill Act provided the foundation for many colleges such as the University of Georgia ("Land-Grant Colleges").
The North Carolina Cooperative Extension has a huge impact on people's lives by offering different programs at land-grant institutions. One thing for sure is the value of the NC Cooperative Extension and the opportunities it has given many people. It offers a wealth of knowledge which is priceless. Colleges that offer these programs help out alot with preserving the ecosystems, creating solar energy, and protecting the environment. Throughout the major areas the most important to me is sustaining agriculture. I was taught at an early age the basics of farming and gained knowledge from my family. During spring of the year my grandfather and I would do maintenance on the farm equipment in order to prepare the land for planting. Once crops were
The Morrill Act was an Act that gave land to the United States to help with things such as Colleges that had to do with Agriculture.
Some technical and political aspects of the program planning and evaluation I might encounter in the program scenario I chose, may be trying to reach out to those individuals that are or have been involved with the criminal justice system. Funding may not allow for these services to be provided to these individuals. Another aspect may be that the community is not aware of this program and the services that it provides. Grants could be another issue. If the program cannot show its effectiveness then grants may not be given and this could results in loss of services provided. A political aspect could be that one “favoritism” over evaluations. Some may use their political influence to “guide” the evaluation to present or not present the “selected” truth. (Yuen, 2003) There are many pressures from the individual who performs the evaluation to make it look; “good” This is a big political concern for programs.
The Morrill Act of 1862 also known as the land grant act was designed to provide access to public higher education. The act was finally passed by President Abraham Lincoln on
Land grant universities stem from the Morill Land Grand Acts that were adopted throughout the 1800's. The Morrill Act of 1862 was also known as the Land Grant College Act. It was a major boost to higher education in America. The grant was originally set up to establish institutions in each state in America. These school would educate people in agriculture, home economics,
Passed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862, the Morrill Act was a Land Grant Act that provided eligible states with land to sell, provided they followed the guidelines set. 30,000 acres of federal land was given to each state, and the earnings from selling the land would go towards funding colleges. The states could teach anything they wish at these land grant colleges, but they awere required under the law to offer agriculture, mechanical engineering, and military tactics. As stated under the Morrill Act primary document, the purpose of the Morrill act is
FFA has been a part of America since 1917 when it all began as The National Vocational Act to provide money to states for agriculture education in the classroom. Then in 1925, Virginia Tech agriculture educators Henry Groseclose, Harry Sanders and Edmund Magill and Virginia State Supervisor of Agriculture Education, Walter S.
Any American including freed slaves could claim a land up to 160 acres for free if they worked on the land for 5 years (Doc. B). What this meant for the Native Americans was that they now have less land to hunt on so they are resorted to the reservations. Forty-eight million acres were given away. In 1872 there was an advertisement on the Homestead Act showing millions of acres in Iowa and Nebraska (Doc. E). Also in 1862, the Morrill Land-Grant Act was created to allow the creation of land-grant colleges in the US (Doc. C). It was a huge uplift to higher education in
In 1914 the Smith Lever Act which placed farm agents in every county in the U.S. The Smith Hughs Act in 1917, which granted federal money to states to create agricultural courses in high schools. And in 1929, the Agricultural Marketing Act was passed which created the Farm Loan Board. This Board was made to grant low interest, long term loans to farmers only.
"I believe in the future of agriculture, with a faith born not of words, but of deeds." These famous words from "The FFA Creed" by E.M. Tiffany outline the basic beliefs of FFA members and agriculturists around the world. But these values, although crucial to the sustaining of our world's ever-increasing population, are growing more and more detached from the people not involved in agriculture. Although food and fiber production has increased in recent years, providing more bushels per acre and more meat per head of cattle, the agriculture industry has come under fire due to an overwhelming majority of people being totally disconnected from the agriculture industry. Today, we'll examine the primary causes of this disconnect, the negative effects on agriculture and our society as a whole that results from it, and how you can help solve this ever-growing problem.
How is evaluation research a political process? ANSWER- (b) it must promote cooperation and consensus among stakeholders.
In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Land Grant College Act into law. This Act, also known as the Morrill Act, was named after U.S. Representative Justin Smith Morrill from Vermont, who first introduced the bill. The Land Grant College Act laid the groundwork for a system that funded public universities around the country. Because of this Act, states were able to provide funding to universities as a result of the sale of the federal land that was given to these states . This transformation allowed higher education to be more available and affordable to all social classes.
Policy evaluation applies accepted social science research methods to public programs. The same research designs used in laboratory experiments are not always practicable in the field, but the same principles can guide the planning and execution of policy evaluation.
The Homestead Act of 1862 authorized any citizen or prospective citizen to acquire 160 acres of public land and to buy it for a small payment after living on it for five years. Another economic policy formed was the Morrill Land Grant Act. It occurred in the same year as the Homestead Act and transferred a considerable amount of public land to the state governments. The state governments would then be responsible to sell the land and use the earnings to finance public education. These acts were positive results of the revolution by giving people the opportunity to obtain land and to help fund for education.