Copd Research Paper

There are no cure for this disease. However, there are different treatment to prevent further deterioration of the lungs function in order to improve the quality of life of the patient by increasing capacity of their physical activity. One of the main severe complication a patient with COPD can develop is exacerbation. Increased breathlessness, increased sputum volume and purulent sputum are the signs and symptoms of exacerbation. Early detection of the signs of exacerbation can help keep the condition of the patient from worsening. The treatments of COPD mainly aims at controlling the symptoms of exacerbation such as taking inhalers. Patients who are over the age of 35 and ex-smokers with chronic cough and bronchitis are recommended to have spirometer (NICE, 2004). This is because it is possible to delay or prevent patients from developing severe case of COPD is identified before they lose their lungs functions. Oxygen therapy is another treatment for COPD as the patients with this condition has high

Six basic types of ingredients used to formulate OTC brands. Each ingredient targets one of five basic symptoms.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases also known as lung cancer is a condition of slow irreversible progressive airway obstruction which gets worse over time. This includes several obstructive diseases of the lungs, including chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, cystic fibrosis and pneumoconiosis. The outcome varies with the consequences with COPD. Approximately 12 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with COPD. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States.

The inflammation of the bronchial tubes makes the nerves in the lungs very senstive. In response to irritation, the body forces air through the airways by rapid strong contraction of the muscles of respiration

Patients with COPD become short of breath, hyperventilate and become very tired by using all efforts on respiratory and axillary muscles in order to breath and effects their activity of daily living such as walking up the stairs, putting on socks/shoes. On physical assessment, patient would be observed the appearance of the thoracic cage, for any deformity, an inadequate chest expansion and auscultation for adventitious sounds. Patients with COPD are often diagnosed with emphysema, where alveoli of the lungs damaged and these damaged tiny sacs cannot be seen directly in physical exam. There are diagnostic tests would be necessary to perform such as CT or X-ray scans of the chest. Additional tests would be performed to measure pulmonary function test, arterial blood gases and sputum collection if necessary to determine any bacteria growth in respiratory

COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States and a major cause of morbidity, including visits to a physician, emergency department, or urgent care, as well asand hospitalizations1,2

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, commonly known as COPD, is a collection of lung conditions or diseases that, all together, block the flow of air into the lungs. This condition makes it hard for the patient have dyspnea, anoxia, or eventually apnea. COPD usually starts off small and gradually gets worse and worse over time, hints chronic in its name. Because it starts off small there are many people who have this disease but do not know it until it is further along and worse. This disease is very common for both smokers and nonsmokers and is a bigger threat to our health than most people think. < Victor >< MacGill >

COPD is treatable. Most people with COPD can achieve symptom control and quality of life, with proper management, as well as reduce the risk of other associated conditions. Most people have a mild form of this disease, which little therapy is needed besides not smoking anymore. There are several kinds of medications that treat symptoms of this disease and a handful of surgeries that one may have to endure. Some medications need to be taken on a regular basis, while others are only taken when needed. These medications

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a respiratory illness that progressively worsens over time. As seen in Mr. Adam’s case, symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, and an occasional productive cough,.1 Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis are the two main conditions of COPD, and can occur simultaneously in patients.1 Moreover, cigarette smoking or long-term exposure to environmental pollutants and chemical fumes can increase the likelihood of developing COPD. In emphysema, the alveoli are large and irregularly shaped due to a decrease in elastic fibers, which leads to decreased gas exchange.1,2 In chronic bronchitis, the bronchi are constantly inflamed and thick mucus make it difficult to breathe.

Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been known as umbrella diagnosis of multiple pulmonary disorders. COPD is a complex disorder that is very prevalent in the older adult population and causes significant complications in the older adult due to age related aspects and multiple co morbidities that are involved. According to the World Health Organization, COPD is defined as chronic obstruction of lung airflow that can be irreversible and results in decreased pulmonary lung function. COPD consists of two intertwined which are difficult to distinguish which are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, and emphysema occurs when the alveoli are gradually destroyed. The American College of Chest Physicians defines chronic bronchitis as "productive cough that is present for a period of 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years in the absence of another identifiable cause of excessive sputum production". COPD can be difficult to manage in the older adult due to several factors such as frailty, cognitive decline, co morbid conditions, medication adherence, and lack of support and understanding of the disease. These factors can result in readmissions to hospitals, poor patient outcomes and increase in morbidity and mortality.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a broad term for people who suffer the chronic respiratory diseases chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis is inflammation of the small airway passages that leads to reduced airflow. Emphysema is the destruction of the alveolar walls resulting in minimised gas exchange and limiting airflow through the airways11. COPD is a progressive disease that can be attributed to an abnormal inflammatory response from the lungs as a result of long term exposure to noxious particles and gasses, primarily caused by cigarette smoking.

Symptoms of COPD often begin in middle age and is commonly caused by years of smoking. COPD is progressive, irreversible and made up of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Goolsby & Grubbs, 2011). Symptoms include; chronic productive cough for three consecutive months each year for 2 sequential years with intermittent acute exacerbations during which the symptoms worsen on exertion. COPD is predominantly a smoker’s disease that cluster in families and worsens with age. Inflammation of the cells lining the bronchial wall, hyperplasia of the mucous glands, and narrowing of the small airways. The term COPD does not include other obstructive diseases such as asthma (Papadakis et al., 2015).

COPD is an incurable condition known for its airflow obstruction that cannot be reversed. About 900,000 have been diagnosed, while an estimated two million people have COPD that remains undiagnosed and 3 million – only an estimated 900,000 (1.5% of the population) are correctly diagnosed, the disease kills around 30,000 people a year, more than breast, bowel or prostate cancer (Healthcare Commission, 2006). More than 3 million people

In 2002, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was identified as the 5th leading cause of death worldwide, and it is forecast to become the 3rd leading cause of death by 2030 (WHO, 2016). COPD is an umbrella term used to describe a group of irreversible but treatable lung diseases including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The disease, which primarily affects the respiratory system, is characterised by chronic and progressive airflow limitation due to inflammation of the airways and lungs caused by inhalation of harmful particles or gasses. Characteristic symptoms of COPD include increased breathlessness, cough, and sputum production.

Chronic diseases are preventable, and to prevent damage to lungs and airways, in the case of COPD, stop smoking or do not start. To diagnose this disease, an in office spirometry test can rule out the early stages. Treatment for COPD is difficult, especially in the case of reversing it.