Coping Strategies And Techniques Among Sickle Cell Disease

Now that the disease is more clearly defined, we must ask, why did this illness come about? This is one of the most interesting facts about Sickle Cell. Since the trait originated in countries that were ravaged by malaria, it could be said that this trait evolved to fight the deadly mosquito-spread disease. "People with sickle trait were more likely to survive malaria outbreaks in Africa than those with normal hemoglobin, it is

Sickle cell crisis is an acute form of sickle cell disease where pain and sickling are extensive (Byar, 2013). SCD is a genetic disease that predominantly affects black people of African decent (Gersten, 2016). Abnormal hemoglobin chains are the main issue with SCD (Byar, 2013). Normal hemoglobin chains are comprised of 99% hemoglobin A (HbA) however, in SCD an abnormal form of the gene, hemoglobin S (HbS) is present in approximately 40% of total hemoglobin (Byar, 2013). In order for a person to be born with SCD, both parents must carry the abnormal gene, HbS (Byar, 2013). HbS is extremely sensitive to the changes in oxygen amount of the RBC and when exposed to decreased oxygen the HbS cause the RBC to distort and become sickle-shaped,

Sickle Cell Anemia has proven to be one of the most widespread genetic diseases in America, affecting 100,000 or more individuals according to the NHBLI (2008). Each person affected by sickle cell anemia must seek out expert advice and care for combating the disease, but as of late, care has been lacking in the medical field for these patients. Therefore providing optimal care and effective treatments for patients with sickle cell anemia will involve more research and funding in the future. Studies have shown that treatment for sickle cell patients is lacking and drugs are scarce and sparse, which has left this population medically neglected. The need to focus more research and allocate more funding toward sickle cell research is evident

The term sickle cell infection (SCD) depicts a gathering of acquired red platelet issue." Normal red blood cells are shaped like discs or donuts. They are soft and flexible so they can easily move through very small blood vessels"(anonymous, 2015).Individuals with SCD have anomalous hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin, in their red platelets. Hemoglobin is a protein in red platelets that conveys oxygen all through the body. The most well-known sort is known as, sickle-cell frailty (SCA) and there is A few Types of Sickle Cell Sickness: Hemoglobin SS, Hemoglobin SC, Hemoglobin SD. In the Unified States, a great many people with sickle cell illness (SCD) are of African family line or recognize themselves as dark. About1 out of 13 African American children is

This paper will discuss Sickle Cell Anemia. It will describe what the disease is as well as how its contracted. The paper will go on to on to discuss the symtoms risk and statistics of sickle cell aniema. The paper will end with discussing treatment for the disease.

The gene is most common in countries such as Africam India, Mediterranean countries, Sauda Arabia, the Caribbean islands, South and Central America, and also in the United States. According to American Society of Hematology, the United States, sickle cell is mostly in the black community.

Sickle cell disease is a chronic condition that a person can inherit from their parents in which it effects the globular structure of the patients red blood cells. A more sickle shaped structure, which can alter a person’s blood flow, replaces the more common globular structure. This impairment in blood flow can lead to blood clots, severe debilitating pain and damage to vital organs such as the liver, kidney and spleen. This disease currently affects over 90,000 people in the United States, with the majority of them being African American and

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited autosomal recessive condition that causes the red blood cells (RBCs) to be crescent shaped. Sickle cell disease occurs in 1 out of every 400 African Americans births (Field, et al 2009). And according to the Centers of Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), 1 out of 13 African American babies are born with the sickle cell trait (SCT). At the same time SCD is present in only 1 out of 300 Caucasian babies, thus it is considered to be one of the most prevalent genetic health disparities affecting people of African, Indian, Hispanic, and Mediterranean decent (Kotch, et al 2000).

The short life span of RBCs and the damage they cause to tissues can result in the following signs and symptoms: severe abdominal pain, priapism, tissue engorgement, painful swelling of joints and feet, fever, shock, profound anemia, and hypovolemia. Many organs can be affected to include the brain, eyes, bones, liver, spleen, kidneys, penis, extremities, and skin (Ball, J., & Bindler, R., 2015). Pain from sickle cell crises is the most common reasons for hospitalization in children with sickle cell disease. Pain typically affects the joints, chest, back and abdomen. Children may also experience acute chest syndrome (ACS), a life threatening complication requiring hospitalization. ACS is characterized by chest pain, fever, tachypnea, cough, shortness of breath, crackles and

In high-income countries like the United States, the life expectancy of a person with SCD is now about 40–60 years. In 1973, the average lifespan of a person with SCD in the United States was only 14 years. Advances in the diagnosis and care of SCD have made this improvement possible. Sickle Cell disease affects mostly African, Mediterranean and related ancestries it is passed on through generational traits and common related blood type. Sickle Cell disease is a disease that causes painful attacks called crises; which causes throbbing in their bones and backs. Sickle cell is caused by a protein that is abnormal called hemoglobin S which causes the shape of red blood cells to change into a sickle or crescent type shape. (George Buchanan, 2010) Cells in tissues need a steady supply of oxygen to work well. Normally, hemoglobin in red blood cells takes up oxygen in the lungs and carries it to all the tissues of the body. Red blood cells that contain normal hemoglobin are disc shaped (like a doughnut without a hole). This shape allows the cells to be flexible so that they can move through large and small blood vessels to deliver oxygen. Sickle hemoglobin is not like normal hemoglobin. Sickle-shaped cells are not flexible and can stick to vessel walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of blood. When this happens, oxygen can’t reach nearby

The purpose of this essay it to determine whether or not Jonathon Jackson, a 30 year old air traffic controller whom has been faithful to his company and job for over eight years that has recently discovered he has sickle cell anemia, should be dismissed from his job regarding his genetic test results. Sickle cell anaemia is the most severe form of sickle cell disease and is a genetic disease of the red blood cells (Gibbons, 2015). Red blood cells have a disk like form which allows them the ability to travel through blood vessels. Although in people with sickle cell, the red blood cells form an abnormal crescent shape which makes them rigid and sticky as shown in Diagram 3 below. This causes the sickled cells to get trapped in small vessels which blocks blood from reaching different parts of the body leading to pain, tissue damage and many more symptoms (University of Utah, 2015). The term anaemia comes from having a shortage of red blood cells in your blood which occurs because sickled cells only last up to 10- 20 days while normal red blood cells last approximately 120 days. The name ‘sickle’ comes from an old farm tool known as a sickle as shown in Diagram 4 below which represents the same shape as curved sickled cells (Petch, 2012). Sickle cell disease affects millions of people worldwide and is most common in those who have ancestors from Africa, the Mediterranean, The Arabian Peninsula and Spanish speaking areas in South America. People with sickle cell anaemia on

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is calamitous defect of the red blood cells (RBC’s) resulting in an impairment if he circulatory system, damaging tissue, causing dangerous anemia, deadly infections, and infarctions (Redshaw, & Martin, 2013). SCD patients live two to three decades less than their healthy peers, affecting up to one-hundred-thousand American’s, with the vast majority of African descent, and a small fraction of Hispanic, Asian Indian, Middle Eastern and Southern European (Redshaw, & Martin, 2013). More than 90% of children diagnosed with SCD in The United States, will reach adulthood; consequently, the majority of SCD diagnosis occur during mandatory routine newborn health screenings (Redshaw, & Martin, 2013).

Sickle cell disease, also known as SCD, is a hereditary blood disorder that takes place due to mutation in the hemoglobin gene that is found in red blood cells. While it is said to have originated in Africa and is mostly predominant in African Americans, sickle cell disease is now common among different ethnic groups all over the world. Sickle cell anemia (HbSS) infects “an estimated 70,000 to 100,000 Americans”(Housman) and accounts for approximately 70% of anemia in the United States. Hemoglobin functions as an oxygen carrying protein as it carries oxygen from the lungs through the arteries and to the rest of the body. In sickle cell disease,

For long time many people have traditions habits that help to spread sickle cell anemia in community. It is common in the east of Saudi Arabia. Because in my community some people get married of relatives, that makes disease in their children if parents have the disease. Sickle cell anemia is genetic disease, which is characterized by abnormally in the hemoglobin molecule that carries oxygen in red blood cells. It is associated with sickle cell disease with a number of acute and chronic health problems, such as acute infections, attacks of severe pain, and stroke. There is an increased risk of death. The effects of sickle cell anemia are high body temperature, bacterial infections, and lack of oxygen in the blood.

Thousands of years ago, a genetic mutation occurred in people from the Mediterranean basin, India, Africa, and the Middle East. As the Malaria Epidemic attacked people of these countries, carriers of the defective hemoglobin gene survived. Carrying one defective gene means that a person has a sickle cell trait. Two parents with the trait will produce a child with sickle cell anemia. People of these countries migrated and spread to other areas. In the Western Hemisphere, where malaria is not much of a problem, having the abnormal hemoglobin gene has lost its advantage. Any child born from parents that each has the trait will be born with the disease.