Copyright Protection on Internet

Protection of intellectual property are investments based on acquired knowledge, thought and effort by one or multiple individuals on behalf of themselves, the business they work for when the property is created, and a financial investment. Each of these – acquired knowledge, thought, physical effort, financial investment – have a value that can be attached as it relates the usefulness or importance of the resulting product. That value will have a level of importance to the individual(s) creating the product and if applicable, the investor providing the funds in support of the creation.

An Introduction to the Law and Economics of Intellectual Property Author(s): Stanley M. Besen and Leo J. Raskind Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Winter, 1991), pp. 3-27 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1942699 . Accessed: 24/11/2011 08:39

Jain, S. C., & Bird, R. (2008). The Global Challenge of Intellectual Property Rights. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

files by CofS in Boulder County, CO" (Fearer 350). The CofS requires that members pay

This paper will discuss the protection of intellectual property. It will tell how intellectual property is protected and why it is important to protect. It will also discuss ethical issues that arise in dealing with protecting intellectual property and whether or not protections can go" too far".

Technology enriches our society by making widely available new and useful goods, services, and technical information . Clearly, as a society, we would want to encourage the development of technology so that we can reap the benefits they offer us. Innovators require an incentive to invent and share these technologies with the rest of society. This incentive is achieved by granting intellectual property rights (IPR) to inventors . More specifically, the incentive is usually achieved by granting patents to inventors .

The World Intellectual Property Organization (n.d.) helps one understand the importance of protecting intellectual property. They have spelled out several reasons of this importance including inventing new works in technology and culture, which allows progress to be made that, can be utilized worldwide. In addition, the legal protection of intellectual property encourages the commitment of additional resources for further modernization. Finally, promoting and protecting intellectual property encourages economic growth. It creates new jobs and industries. Protecting intellectual property also enhances the quality and

In the last twenty years in the United States saw an explosive growth in the number of patents being filed. In a span of twenty years, according to the Unites States Patent and Trademark Office's Electronic Information Products Division, the number of patents filed every year has tripled, from 200,000 to over 650,000 patent applications (U.S. Patent Statistics Chart Calendar Years 1963 – 2015). With the rise in the number of patents filed and granted, comes an unexpected twist, the rise of the Non-Practicing Entity (NPE) or as we will call them The Patent Troll, which are companies that use the patents for financial extortion and do not themselves manufacture, produce or sell products. Their sole business

Intellectual property represents ideas created by minds of humans that require certain rights for their use. Intellectual property gives companies a competitive advantage and attracts the attention of other business partners and investors (Lee, 2016). With such importance, it is necessary for the law to protect these ideas from being used by unauthorized individuals. To shield from this, trade secrets, patents, and copyrights are used to protect the ownership of intellectual property (Legal Information Institute).

Chapter eight of Ethics and Technology: Controversies, Questions, and Strategies for Ethical Computing by Herman T. Tavani is about intellectual property disputes. Tavani defines intellectual property as an intangible form of property that is protected by a system of laws through which authors and inventors are given ownership rights over their creative works and inventions. There are four legal frameworks for protecting intellectual property. The first of these is copyright laws. Copyright laws protect authors. An author can also be an individual or an entity such as an organization or corporation. The first United States copyright law was created in 1790 and protected books, maps, and charts. As newer forms of media were developed, copy right protection has extended to them also. In 1980 copyright laws were amended to include computers, programs and databases that exhibit authorship. In order for something to be protected with copyright laws it must be original, nonfunctional, and also fixed in a tangible medium. The second legal framework is patents which protects individuals who create an invention or process. Patent laws require that inventions be useful, novel, and nonobvious. The third legal framework is trademarks. A trademark is a word, name, phrase or symbol that identifies a product or service. To qualify for a trademark the mark should be distinctive. The last legal framework for protection is a trade secret. A trade secret is highly valuable

“Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce” (United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2013). There are many ethical issues that have arisen in the business world today pertaining to intellectual property. Some people may not think that it is important to protect intellectual property however, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) does just that. “Intellectual property is protected in law by, for example, patents, copyright and trademarks, which enable people to earn recognition or financial benefit from what they invent or create” (United States Patent and Trademark Office). Protecting trademarks and logos is important, as these things are rightfully owned by the person or company which created them. Many companies are known by their intellectual property, such as symbols, names and logos. It can also be very costly to have these artistic logos created, making it more frustrating when someone chooses to copy or ‘steal’ the logo and use it as their own.

The protection granted for owners of intellectual property rights under TRIPS promotes the business and economic development and that will result in increasing the level of innovation in several countries. Inventors will also be encouraged to contribute to activities involving research and development; knowing that their work is legally protected. Countries impose rights of protection to IP in order to ensure citizens are innovative in their own country. Developed countries offer very high protection of IP rights and because of that, those countries are considered very innovative.

Intellectual Property is not a tangible object that can be physically owned. However, it is an important issue in todays society. Many would feel the ownership of intellectual property is highly justified, whilst others would argue that intellectual property should not be owned. Such a controversial topic clearly needs to be examined carefully. There are 4 types of intellectual property: patents, copyright, trademarks and trade secrets, each with their own flaws and advantages. However, this essay with mainly focus on the ethics of patents.

India must seriously examine its Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) position and see how best TRIPS (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights) can be interpreted, as IPR laws are national laws. India should cull the best points from various laws to suit her future needs.

Rules of intellectual property are justified in this era of technology. Intellectual Property (IP) refers to the protection of creations of the mind, which have both a moral and a commercial value (European Space Agency, 2015).Usually, intellectual property rights give an individual a copyright over their documents and only the authors can produce or reproduce the work. Most work in the past decades was produced as books. The buyer has the right to own the book. The elements inside the book are, however, someone’s original work, and they should be protected. Most physical things have property rights, like buildings, cars, and pieces of land. The intellectual property law was written so as to differentiate the physical object from the literary work. An author needs to protect this literary work. In a bid to protect, sell, and make a profit from the literary work, creations, and imaginations, in Canada, these laws are enforced. The laws are patents, copyright, trademark and