Chris Baldick defines rhetoric as ‘the deliberate exploitation of eloquence for the most persuasive effect’. This is certainly seen at work in Coriolanus and Troilus and Cressida, two Jacobean dramas with war and politics at their centre. In both plays, characters attempt to employ rhetoric as a persuasive tool for political ends. In Troilus and Cressida, Ulysses aims to use rhetoric and political machinations to mobilise a war-weary army. On the other hand, Coriolanus’s reluctance to use, and dislike of, rhetoric, results in further social disruption and war. Though rhetoric may be considered an ‘unethical’ tool of manipulation, it is nonetheless useful for maintaining social order in these plays, where war threatens to throw society …show more content…
Coriolanus demonstrates a socially transgressive individualism when he states that ‘Better it is to die, better to starve, / Than crave the hire which first we do deserve’, despite his awareness that ‘Custom calls [him] to’t’ (2.3.107). For him, the consulship is a ‘deserve[d]’, earned right; to adopt an ethos of humility and subjugation, to demonstrate pathos in publicly showing his war-wounds and sharing his stories of war, is to be ‘false to [his] nature’ (3.2.14). Menenius’s defence that Coriolanus ‘has been bred i’th’wars / … and is ill-schooled / In bolted language’ (3.1.322-24) fails, as Coriolanus’s earlier mocking (‘What must I say?’, 2.3.45), and his allies’ urges for him to ‘answer mildly’ (3.2.139), expose Coriolanus’s awareness of socially-expected rhetoric. The problem is not that Coriolanus does not know how to use rhetoric, but that he, like Thersites, struggles to contain his anger, and to perform a role which he perceives as debasing. This performative aspect of the election process, and of rhetoric, itself is explicated by Coriolanus’s mother, Volumnia, who advises Coriolanus …show more content…
At the same time, Volumnia seems to take a deliberative approach to rhetoric itself, suggesting that it should be performed in order to adhere to custom and maintain social
In the Aftermath of the Peloponnesian war between Athens and Sparta, Pericles, Athens’ general and statesmen, delivered a powerfully comforting eulogy to the polis of Athens, assuring the people that their city state is in good hands, and easing the pain of all the families and relatives of the deceased. He uses several rhetorical devices throughout his speech to gain a positive emotional appeal by his audience and makes assertions in the attempt to enhance and transform the perception of him by the audience.
Aristotle also believed that rhetoric can be forensic, epideictic, and deliberative, which is the second division of his work. The art of persuasion and a way of advising about things to come is the best definition of deliberate rhetoric. This pattern has been used throughout the film and it is another obvious appeal to make it more effective and achieve its goals. Aristotle argues that “for using deliberative rhetoric, the speaker needs to consider deterrents, inducements and the motives people have for avoiding or doing the actions in the question”
Patrick Henry’s use of his position as a politician to speak at the Virginia Convention is an excellent example of the rhetorical device, ethos. Patrick Henry was homeschooled by his father; however, for Henry this was not adequate. He failed at store keeping, then farming (Owens 80), but found his niche as a law student, in which he was self-educated Owens 80). After becoming a reputable, and controversial, figure in the courtrooms of Virginia, he used his position to speak in front of delegates of importance in the colonies, and explain to them why war with the British in inevitable. By using this position, he allows himself to use different, and more effective, rhetorical devices, such as pathos.
The term Rhetoric can be defined as “the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.” In order to use rhetoric devices correctly you need; ethos, pathos, and logos. Ethos is an appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader. Pathos is an appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response. Logos is an appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason.
Rhetoric is a way of persuasive wring or speaking, including the use of figures of speech and other writing techniques. An example of a speech that includes Rhetoric would be “The American Crisis Number 1” by Thomas Paine. Thomas Paine was born on January 29th, 1737 in England. Thomas Paine’s writings were very passionate and inspiring, but they also reflected his life. In the speech “The American Crisis Number 1” by Thomas Paine a strong message is delivered to American soldiers through his use of alliteration, personification and antithesis.
Rhetoric is the study of how writers and speakers use words to influence an audience. Pathos, Logos, and Ethos are examples of rhetorical devices, where the rhetorician would appeal to an audience to prove a point. In both the Declaration of Independence and The American Crisis #1, the authors use several examples of rhetoric to persuade their audience in the 1700s, to separate themselves from England.
In this book, Strootman elaborates on how there are two essential diagrams for exposing political assertiveness during the Hellenistic period shedding light on the function of imperialism, the first describes the court as a political structure used to assert power but this idea is rivaled with the importance of the theater and the important role it played in to support the role of the king and his court against the courts of others. The other is describing capital and cities as tools of a power play made by those of power (the king and his courtiers).6 These arguments as Strootman exposes to the reader that based off of the ideas of Norbert Elias, Jurgen von Kruedener and Charles Tilly, we are able to better understand the function of court during this era.7 Kruedener as mentioned by Strootman explains how the role of favor with the king was vital to the attainment of power within the kingdom, disbursement of land holdings, duties of offices and this was all done through exposure before the king through the instrument of court. Although the king and his court
While Henry’s speech was not particularly long, it packed quite the proverbial punch through its efficacious use of rhetoric and symbolism, and is looked to even today as an example of persuasive oratory. Throughout this paper, Henry’s rhetoric will be analyzed via an Aristotelian method of rhetorical analysis called the “rhetorical triangle.” According to an article on Study.com, written by Diedra Taylor, almost every form of rhetorical device can be categorized as one of the three points on this triangle: “Ethos,” “logos,” and “pathos.” While Aristotle, himself, did not originally postulate a triangular method of examination, he was the first influential intellectual to write about the three points previously mentioned, and because of this, the theory is credited to him. Taylor uses the analogy of a nacho chip to represent a particular piece of rhetoric, and toppings of guacamole, meat, and cheese to represent ethos, logos, and pathos, respectively. While a chip with only one or two of the toppings is still good, it is most delicious with all three in conjunction. The same is true of rhetoric; it is most persuasive when it contains a variety of the three types of devices, all working in concurrence with one another. In addition to this, it is very possible for some rhetorical anecdotes and devices to fall under the umbrella of more than one point on the triangle, but for the purposes of this paper, they will be examined one at a
Throughout Aristophanes’ “Clouds” there is a constant battle between old and new. It makes itself apparent in the Just and Unjust speech as well as between father and son. Ultimately, Pheidippides, whom would be considered ‘new’, triumphs over the old Strepsiades, his father. This is analogous to the Just and Unjust speech. In this debate, Just speech represents the old traditions and mores of Greece while the contrasting Unjust speech is considered to be newfangled and cynical towards the old. While the defeat of Just speech by Unjust speech does not render Pheidippides the ability to overcome Strepsiades, it is a parallel that may be compared with many other instances in Mythology and real life.
In the midst of the Trojan war, King Agamemnon is distraught after his loss of Chryseis. As a form of compensation, Agamemnon demands that Achilles forfeit his war prize: Briseis, princess of Lyrnessus. Unhappy with this course of action, Achilles withdraws from the war. Generals, trusted advisors, soldiers, and healers under King Agamemnon’s rule deliver deliberate speeches and debate as to if and why Agamemnon should keep or return Briseis to Achilles for his return. Speaker 1, who spoke in favor of Agamemnon keeping Briseis, incorporates all three rhetorical appeals and adopts a commanding tone of voice in order to persuade the soldiers to continue battling despite the loss of Achilles. In contrast, Speaker 14, who was opposed to Agamemnon keeping Briseis, explores pathos and demonstrates the effectiveness of repetition while directly addressing Agamemnon.
Rhetoric seems like a big word but the meaning is simple- persuasion. In the book Julius Caesar, Antony and Brutus, two major characters, are fantastic at persuading the Roman citizens. When one is reading the story, they might think that both have equal amounts but when you look closer, Antony has the better rhetoric strategies. In just a few short sentences, Antony convinced the people to believe that Caesar needed revenge even though he never came out and told them that. Just a couple of minutes ago, the citizens were on Brutus’s side and thought that Caesar needed to go.
Volumnia, unlike the other women in the play such as Virgilia, does not recoil from war and the battlefield. Instead, Volumnia both identifies with the war hero and delights in both his triumphs and his pain. In describing the pride she would gain from her sons' deaths in battle, Volumnia separates herself from the other women in the play who want nothing to do with war, "I had rather eleven die nobly for their country than one voluptuously surfeit out of action." (1.3.20-21). Thus the pride that Coriolanus derives from his own wounds and wounded body is a product of his mother's pride in having a wounded son. Volumnia describes with pride Coriolanus's bloody brow, "Though you were born in Rome!' His bloody brow/ with his mailed hand then wiping" (1.3.31-32). The pride that Volumnia procures from her son's victories and injuries winds up reflecting itself on Coriolanus who describes these victories and wounds with equal pride. By the end of the first act, Volumnia's descriptions of mothering demonstrate the warlike spirit she has channeled into her raising of Coriolanus. The imagery she uses in Act 1 Scene 3 also separates her from the other women in the play. Volumnia speaks of "blood," "swords," and "death," while women like Virgilia speak of "sewing" and "butterflies."
The Civil War, consisting in large part of Caesar’s own account of the conflict between himself and Pompey, explores the origins of the war, the manner in which it was carried out, and most importantly the role of pivotal figures on both sides of the struggle. Prior to his records ending and supplementation by military officers, Caesar makes a case for his involvement in and perhaps triggering of the war, one which would transform the social and political landscape of the Roman empire as battles and campaigns were waged from Spain to Italy, Africa to Asia Minor. Caesar walks a fine line between historian, strategist and orator as he attempts to record historical events, martial decisions, and persuade an audience respectively. Despite his efforts to remain impartial, as evidenced by his admission that “the Pompeians were winning” at Dyrrachium, Caesar consistently presents himself as a charismatic and skilled general and leader, jeopardizing the integrity of the text as objective material and allowing it to be a propagandist account of sorts. Ultimately, Caesar uses anecdotal evidence, the presentation of his personal thoughts, and juxtaposition with his opposition to paint his side of the war in a positive and just light.
Rhetoric is a significant part of our everyday lives. Whether it's convincing our friends to go to a concert on the weekend, to go to a certain place for lunch, or even convincing yourself to do something that you should but don't want to do. Rhetoric is all around us today. Billboard ads, television commercials, newspaper ads, political speeches, even news stories all try, to some degree, to sway our opinion or convince us to take some sort of action. If you take a step back to look and think about it, rhetoric, in all actuality, shapes our lives. Every day we have an array of options of things to do or things to buy. So every day, our opinion or actions are being influenced, however minutely, by rhetoric.
Dr. Esch English 111-07 October 8th, 2017 Ruff Life In the Rhetorical Situation, Lloyd F. Bitzer argues that what makes a situation rhetorical is similar to that which constitutes a moral action as he writes that, “an act is moral because it is an act performed in a situation of a certain kind; similarly, a work is rhetorical because it is a response to a situation of a certain kind”. (3) “By defining the rhetorical situation in this way, Bitzer further contends that rhetoric is a means to altering reality”. (4) “It is through the use of discourse that one is capable of changing reality through thought and action”. (4) “While Bitzer notes that there are more parameters for a situation to qualify as being rhetorical, he