Coronary Artery Disease: A Case Study

There are other risk factors that affect a person’s chances of developing coronary artery disease such as obesity, high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes, lack of regular exercise, high-fat diet, and emotional stress. These other risk factors are preventable and can be changed with daily exercise, eating healthy options, and making healthy daily choices for your heart and body.

The following summary is an updated case study of a 47 year old male patient, Jim who was diagnosed with Coronary Artery Disease. The patient did receive information on what CAD is and was informed that test were needed to fully diagnose and be evaluated for underlying conditions (high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol levels, diabetes and blockage. I will discuss the type of test needed for this condition and tests for any underlying conditions that are related to this disease. The type of treatment needed to control and lower his risk factor. I will also give the patient information about complementary and alternative medicine so the patient will be well informed about different types of treatment. The patient will be informed about the prognosis of the disease, and the options that the patient has to succeed in the changes in his lifestyle that are needed.

Coronary Artery Disease, also known as CAD, is the most common form of heart disease. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Coronary Artery Disease obstructs the blood flow in vessels that provides blood to the heart which is caused by the buildup of plaque on the artery walls. (Rogers, 2011, p.87) (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque is a yellow substance that consists of fat substances, like cholesterol, and narrows or clogs the arteries which prevents blood flow. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque can build up in any artery but usually favors large and medium sized arteries. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the commonest heart disease in the United States1. Approximately, 29% of patients with Myocardial Infarction ( MI ) present with ST- elevation Myocardial Infarction ( STEMI )2. STEMI is the result of complete occlusion of a major epicardial coronary artery due to thrombus formation. STEMI from a small coronary artery presenting as substantial EKG abnormalities similar to occlusion of a major artery and hemodynamic instability is a rare entity. The epidemiology, typical clinical presentation, outcomes, and optimal management in this group of patients are not sufficiently known.

Coronary heart disease: Coronary heart disease is the build-up of plaque such as cholesterol and other fatty substances within the coronary arteries causing a reduced or no supply of oxygen to the heart. The process of plaque lining the coronary arteries is called arteriosclerosis. Coronary heart disease can be caused and triggered by many different factors. These

Some other symptoms can be shortness of breath, nausea, weakness, and pain in the back. A person’s health care provider would measure their blood pressure, cholesterol, and sugar levels to see if they are at risk. The diagnosing tools would be electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, exercise stress test, chest X-Ray, cardiac catheterization, and coronary angiogram. All of these tools are helpful when testing to diagnose Coronary artery disease.

Coronary heart disease is one of the leading killers in America. I will later discuss why this is the case, and how the choices of Americans will inflict the ultimate price of death. Aside from bad decisions, the anatomy of where this disease takes place is fragile in regards to bodily malfunctions. The reason it is called coronary heart disease is because it takes place in the coronary arteries. These arteries are what supplies the heart with oxygenated blood. So you can guess that if something goes wrong with these arteries, it could be detrimental for the entire body because the heart pumps blood to the whole body. The right and left coronary arteries branch from the aorta, which is the main supplier of blood to the systemic circuit. The

Coronary artery disease is one of the common forms of heart disease. It’s caused by the narrowing occurs in the coronary arteries so that reduces the flow of blood to the heart tissues. Through the artery is gradually narrowing because of a substance called plaque builds up inside the wall of coronary arteries, the heart may not get enough blood to work. (coronary artery disease)If the plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form around on its surface. Over the time, the blood clot can completely block the pathway, which can’t let any blood to go through.

Coronary Artery Disease is when the major vessels supplying the heart with blood, oxygen, and nutrients become blocked, damaged, or diseased. These major vessels (arteries) can become damaged in several ways including but not limited to high blood pressure, inflammation, high cholesterol, high sugar levels, and smoking. Following the initial damage of these vessels can cause even more

Some risks for CAD could be smoking, HTN, obesity, bad cholesterol, diabetes, and genetics. There are so many risk factors for CAD, but most of them can be lowered by changing one’s lifestyle. Usually, up till the age of 70, males may have a higher chance for CAD.

Coronary Artery disease is caused by damage or injury to the inner layer of a coronary artery and can be caused by a number of factors. Some of them are; smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or insulin resistance, and/or a sedentary lifestyle. After the wall of an artery is damaged it makes it much easier for fatty deposits (plaque) such as cholesterol and other fatty waste products to build up on the linings of artery walls. This process is known as atherosclerosis. If this plaque breaks or ruptures platelets will clump at the site to try and repair the artery, but this can also block the arteries which can lead to a heart attack. The main factors that place a person at risk for this disease are age, as getting older is

While many struggle with this certain type in the U.S, it is also in other places all over the world. This is a disease in which many people die from every year. Coronary Artery Disease is very hard to notice, so when they start feeling the symptoms it's already too late. Anyone can have Heart Disease, but it's just those certain few that have a history of Heart Disease in their family who are more at risk. Many problems come from Heart Disease, and sometimes they don't get to be a problem for a person if they get treated in time, but it's hard to detect. There are many problems associated with Heart Disease and those other problems include: Aorta Disease, Cardiomyopathies, and heart valve disease. These three other problems are caused by something already happening with your heart or arteries. Aorta disease is not just one disease, It makes up a lot more diseases that are all linked with your aorta artery. The Aorta Artery is the largest artery in your body that branches out all over your heart. This artery supplies oxygen-rich blood to all your muscles and things that need that blood. When your body has plaque building up inside of it, the artery can become stretched out and become wider as well as tearing it apart. Heart valve disease has many different factors. It affects every valve in your heart and As said by WebMD, “Your valves sit at the exit of each of your four heart chambers. They maintain one way blood flows through your heart. Examples of Heart Valve problems include: Mitral valve prolapse: the valve between your left upper and left lower chambers doesn't close right. Aortic Stenosis: your aortic valve narrows. It affects blood flow from your heart to the rest of your body.”

The damage caused by the constant pressure that untreated hypertension exerts on artery walls can lead to atherosclerosis the severe narrowing and hardening of the arteries. Arteries hardened and narrowed by atherosclerotic plaques (fatty build up) may not be able to supply enough blood to the body’s organs. If the organs don’t get enough oxygen and nutrients, they can’t work properly (Stevens et al. 2012).

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition where the coronary artery is narrowed by fatty plaque that restricts the flow of blood to the cardiac tissues. When too little blood reaches the cardiac cells, the cells are deprived of oxygen and nutrients. Eventually, the cardiac cells die and leave permanent tissue damage. On the other hand, if blood flow is totally blocked and the cardiac tissues are deprived of oxygen and nutrients, a heart attack ensues.

A possible reason for why food intake for the control group was significantly higher than the control group is because in type 2 diabetes the body’s tissues become insulin resistant. This insulin resistance leads to subpar glucose uptake, which results in the cells not have glucose for glycolysis and energy production. The cells then essentially “starve,” which causes the brain to signal for more food consumption resulting in higher blood sugar leading to weight gain. During exercise the muscles are able to absorb glucose without insulin resulting in lower levels of glucose in the blood, which explains why food intake and weight gain are reduced with exercise in diabetic patients.