Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) develops when plaque builds up in the narrow arteries of the heart. The arteries that are affected supply blood to your heart, oxygen, and numerous amounts of nutrients to the heart. The plaque that builds in the arteries is from the amount of cholesterol that is accumulated in the arteries. The plaque that builds within the arteries of the heart decrease the blood flow to the heart often resulting in chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or other symptoms. This disease is often not diagnosed until the patient has a heart attack. The reason that coronary artery disease goes unnoticed is because this disease develops over decades. “Heart disease is the leading cause of

Coronary artery disease remains number one killer of the western civilization despite 40 years of aggressive drug and surgical interventions (Esselstyn). Usually, pharmaceutical drugs, such as statin, are given to try to slow the progression, but may provide uncomfortable side effects. In fact, the majority of patients discontinue statins within 1 year of treatment initiation (Maningat). Furthermore, surgery is performed to circumvent clogged arteries and literally bypass the symptoms. In the last year, 500,000 coronary bypass procedures were performed (Swaminathan et al). However, these surgeries can have significant risks, including the potential to cause further heart damage, stroke, and brain dysfunction. Thus, it is evident that these way of treatments may not be enough on its own, and that getting to the

According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Coronary heart disease is a cardiovascular disease caused by a cholesterol substance termed plaque, accumulating within the coronary arteries, which is where oxygen-rich blood is delivered to the heart. Progressively, the flow of oxygen to the heart will suffer if hardened plaque begins to narrow the coronary arteries. Furthermore, blood clots could occur upon the surface of plaque if it ruptures. Large blood clots will incapacitate blood flow through the coronary arteries. As a result, angina or a heart attack may follow plaque-blocked oxygen-rich blood flow. The NHLBI refers to CHD as a progressive disease where a destabilised heart can lead to conditions such as heart failure

Coronary Artery Disease, also known as CAD, is the most common form of heart disease. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Coronary Artery Disease obstructs the blood flow in vessels that provides blood to the heart which is caused by the buildup of plaque on the artery walls. (Rogers, 2011, p.87) (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque is a yellow substance that consists of fat substances, like cholesterol, and narrows or clogs the arteries which prevents blood flow. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque can build up in any artery but usually favors large and medium sized arteries. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009)

Cardiovascular disease has reportedly been the number one disease killer for men and women in the United States of America. Every one out of four deaths is caused by heart disease in the United States alone (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention). Heart disease refers to the different types of conditions and symptoms that can affect the one’s heart and its functions to the body (Mayo Clinic). Cardiovascular/Heart disease has many causes and conditions, prevention methods and symptoms, and treatment options.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the commonest heart disease in the United States1. Approximately, 29% of patients with Myocardial Infarction ( MI ) present with ST- elevation Myocardial Infarction ( STEMI )2. STEMI is the result of complete occlusion of a major epicardial coronary artery due to thrombus formation. STEMI from a small coronary artery presenting as substantial EKG abnormalities similar to occlusion of a major artery and hemodynamic instability is a rare entity. The epidemiology, typical clinical presentation, outcomes, and optimal management in this group of patients are not sufficiently known.

Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as ischemic heart disease is the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease in Australia. While over 20,000 of deaths in 2011 were attributed to CHD, there were estimated 590,000 Australians 18 years old and above diagnosed with CHD in 2011-2012 (AIHWAustralian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014; Craft, 2014, p. 596).

Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as ischemic heart disease is the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease in Australia (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014). While over 20,000 of deaths in 2011 were attributed to CHD. There were estimated 590,000 Australians 18 years old and above diagnosed with CHD in 2011-2012 (AIHW, 2014; Craft, 2014, pg. 596). Myocardial ischaemia is a common form of CHD. A sufficient coronary artery blood flow is essential to supply oxygen for normal cardiac activities. Myocardial ischaemia develops when there is an insufficient supply of blood and oxygen to support the function of myocardial cells (Craft, 2014, pg. 599). A decrease in blood supply can led to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by narrowing or occluding the arteries. Other conditions such as hypotension, coronary spasm, dysthymias, hypoxemia and anaemia can also decrease the blood and oxygen supply to the myocardial cells (McCance & Huether, 2014, pg. 1153)

It is not only the leading cause of death in the United States, but also it is the most common type of heart diseases. By killing nearly 380,000 people yearly, and that is about every 60 seconds someone dies from it. Yes, it is the heart attack or also known as coronary heart disease. Heart attacks occur when one of the coronary artery is blocked or narrowed by fats. After that, the blood clot will gather and block the narrowed artery causing a slowly painful death to the artery by decreasing the amount of oxygen, and replacing the live tissue with a dead one.

Ischemic Heart Disease or Coronary Heart Disease is a condition in which there is an imbalance in the oxygen demand and supply to the myocardial. An underlining cause of this is atherosclerosis, a process in which there has been a gradual build -up of fatty metabolic waste deposits (plaque) on the inside walls of the coronary arteries the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. The coronary arteries eventually become mostly or completely blocked causing angina and can ultimately lead to a myocardial infarction due to the heart muscle not receiving adequate blood supply to function properly.

Around 7 million men and women are affected yearly by a disease known as Coronary artery disease (CAD). If one has a reduction of blood flow going to the myocardium, they may have angina pectoris. Some people may not experience any pain, while others will have heart attacks, due to developing atherosclerotic plaques.

Coronary artery disease is the most common type of heart disease and the #1 cause of death for both men and women in the United States resulting in about 375,000 deaths a year. (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2014). This disease refers to “any vascular disorder that arrows or occludes the coronary arteries leading to myocardial ischemia” (Huether & McCane, 2012). It occurs when the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart becomes hardened and narrowed. Also, factors such as smoking, high levels of fat & cholesterol in the blood, hypertension, high levels of sugar in the blood, and blood vessel inflammation damage the inner layers of the coronary arteries. “This disease is prevalent in younger and elderly individuals. Coronary artery calcium is highly predicative of coronary heart disease event risk across all age groups” (Tota-Maharaj et al, 2014). Coronary artery disease is caused by the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits, or plaque, in the inner walls of the coronary arteries in a process called atherosclerosis. Normally, the coronary arteries are smooth and elastic, lined with a layer of cells called the endothelium. The endothelium acts as a physical barrier between the blood stream and the coronary artery walls.

Obstruction is the action of obstructing or the state of being obstructed. An obstruction disease is a disease that impedes or prevents passage or progress of blood through the veins or arteries inthe body. Coronary artery disease, also known as atherosclerotic heart disease, is damage or disease to heart's major blood vessels, the arteries. Coronary artery disease is usually caused by a buildup of plaque. This buildup of plaque causes the arteries to become narrow and harder, which limits blood flow to the heart. People that get coronary artery disease can be asymptomatic and not experience any symptoms. But people may experience chest pain, indigestion or nausea, light headness, or sweating, fast heart rate or shortness of breath. CAD has

In the department of Cardiology coronary artery disease is a major disease in the world. Coronary artery disease is the damages of the hearts major blood vessel for fat deposits. (2017, April 26) Plaque restricts the blood flow to the heart, which in the end progresses to a myocardial infraction also know as a heart attack, which is another major condition in the department of cardiology. When a patient is suffering from CAD, they may experience angina (chest pain) in the thoracic region that could circulate to their arms and neck. Arrhythmia can also occur, whether or not if it’s fast or slow paced. A patients pulse could also change depending on what is going on with the patient at the time. When a patient has CAD (coronary artery disease), there are a few procedures that are required from them on a monthly to yearly bases. Cardiac Catherization is one which is a procedure performed by passing a catheter into the blood vessel to see if there is any blockage in the arteries. (2017)

Heart is like a precious motor in your body that help you to be active and healthy, if you taking a good care of your heart. Our heart muscle needs a constant supply of oxygen rich blood to nourish it. The coronary veins offer the heart with this serious blood flow. If you have coronary veins disease, those veins become thin and blood cannot pour as well as they should. The inscription deposits are hard on the outside and soft and mawkish on the inside.