Coronary Heart Disease : Risk Factors And Roles

This chronic disease is also known as atherosclerosis and is characterized as a fatty plaque build-up in arteries which blocks the blood flow to the vital organs in ours bodies; with the heart being the main target. This potentially life-threatening blockage results in starvation and deprivation of oxygen enriched blood and vital nutrients that are necessary for the heart to maintain proper function; and that is being able to pump blood efficiently. Typically, it is said that the process of heart disease may begin during childhood years of an individual’s life. In a healthy individual; our arteries start out smooth and elastic, allowing effortless blood flow to our hearts and throughout our bodies. As this cholesterol-laden plaque begin to accumulate within the walls of blood vessels (which may be caused by a poor diet, and lack of physical activity, or simply hereditary) the vessels become inflamed. With the body’s effort in healing itself, this destructing plaque begins to release substances such as lipoprotenins, calcium, and inflammatory cells throughout the bloodstream.

Coronary Artery Disease, also known as CAD, is the most common form of heart disease. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Coronary Artery Disease obstructs the blood flow in vessels that provides blood to the heart which is caused by the buildup of plaque on the artery walls. (Rogers, 2011, p.87) (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque is a yellow substance that consists of fat substances, like cholesterol, and narrows or clogs the arteries which prevents blood flow. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque can build up in any artery but usually favors large and medium sized arteries. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009)

The development of an atherosclerotic plaque is relatively a very a complicated process where Plaque rupture accounts for about 76% of fatality lead by thrombi. The evolution of atherosclerosis begins with foam cell accumulation where the macrophages accumulate within arterial wall intima, progresses to form fatty streak where further accumulation of intra and extracellular lipids, this is a potentially reversible stage (Greenland p, 2013) further atheroma/fibroatheroma forms where cholesterol and phospholipids accumulate intramurally. This is a vulnerable state as it is predisposed to spontaneous rupture by inflammation and thrombus deposition may occur. Hemodynamic changes during this stage may cause ischemia or silent infarction, if large plaque rupture total occlusion may cause myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death. Finally a complex lesion can develop where fibro muscular tissue can be seen with repair efforts followed by repeated plaque formation, this may slowly increase in size and produce significant arterial narrowing.

Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of a myocardial infarction (MI). As a result of CAD, plaque builds up in the arteries, thus narrowing the coronary arteries and preventing adequate blood flow to the heart. This condition is called atherosclerosis. In 2012, Huether, S., & McCance, K. defines Atherosclerosis when it begins to occur when there has been an injury to the coronary vessel wall. When injury occurs on the vessels endothelial layer it triggers a clotting mechanism. That mechanism sends chemotaxsis signals through the body for monocytes/macrophages to come clean the open vessel wall that is leaking LDL into the blood. The macrophages attempt to digest the fatty substance but have a hard time doing so. When the cells cannot digest the LDL, cell proliferation happens and they become static. Static macrophages turn into foam cells that then begin to cover the open vessel wall. Stasis of these foam cells occurs and forms a fatty streak, beginning to slowly occlude the artery. Then with time, build up of collagen occurs on top of the

With the increased consumption of fast-food and poor lifestyle choices, we have become an increasingly obese nation. For this reason, diseases such as cardiovascular disease have been on the rise. Cardiovascular disease is the combined term for a number of diseases concerning the heart and the blood vessels. Many of these life threatening diseases are related to a condition called atherosclerosis. The condition creates plaque build-up on the walls of the blood vessels. The plaque effects the flow of blood making it harder and can lead to blood clots which stops the flow of blood altogether. The two main effects to this are heart attacks and strokes however, other types of cardiovascular disease includes complete heart failure, arrhythmia

Plaque building up in the arteries, also called atherosclerosis, is mainly affected by one’s diet, specifically in the ingestion of lipids. The lipids that are likely to cause CHD are: saturated fats, and trans fats. Trans fats are created artificially from hydrogenated vegetable oils, which would usually be unsaturated, which changes the physical properties of

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a type of cardiovascular disease that may be referred to by several other names such as: coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, or simply heart disease, and is a pathological condition where plaque (a waxy substance) has accumulated over time in the coronary arteries and has built up to the point where it reduces oxygenated blood flow to the heart (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2016).

Coronary Artery disease is caused by damage or injury to the inner layer of a coronary artery and can be caused by a number of factors. Some of them are; smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or insulin resistance, and/or a sedentary lifestyle. After the wall of an artery is damaged it makes it much easier for fatty deposits (plaque) such as cholesterol and other fatty waste products to build up on the linings of artery walls. This process is known as atherosclerosis. If this plaque breaks or ruptures platelets will clump at the site to try and repair the artery, but this can also block the arteries which can lead to a heart attack. The main factors that place a person at risk for this disease are age, as getting older is

Cardiovascular Disease which is also called Heart Disease is a term used to cover the many conditions which enables the heart to perform normally. According to the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, heart disease is the highest cause of hospitalization in Canada (2011). I will be reviewing the most preventable heart disease called Coronary Artery Disease.

You lounge on your couch and watch your favorite sitcom on the television. An ice cream commercial comes up, and all of a sudden you feel like having some ice cream too. You reach for a spoonful of ice cream in your freezer, but find yourself finishing half the tub in the next moment. Coronary heart disease has become a worldwide epidemic; with its major causative factors including diet and lifestyle. A statistic provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that in the United States, about 610,000 people die of heart disease annually– that’s 1 in every 4 deaths. More than half that amount of death is caused by coronary heart disease.

The NHS states that Coronary heart disease is when the heart’s blood supply becomes blocked or interrupted, and the furring of arteries is due to a build up of fatty substances. Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart and the walls fur up with fatty deposits called atheroma and this process is called atheroslerosis.

Coronary artery disease (CAD; also more simply referred to as coronary heart disease) is a specific type of atherosclerosis, which is in turn a form of arteriosclerosis (Dulson, Fraser, LeDrew, & Vavitas, 2011). All of these medical conditions entail the same problem, which hinders proper blood flow of oxygenated blood in the arteries: the sclerosis (that is, hardening) of arteries in the circulatory system (Sclerosis [medicine], 2016). Arteriosclerosis is a general term used to describe the stiffening of arteries particularly resulting from the process of mere ageing, but may also occur due to the presence of other aspects such as hypertension and/or the accumulation of plaque in and/or on the arterial walls, which consists of numerous components including lipids (cholesterol in particular), calcium, and other substances present within the bloodstream; atherosclerosis is specifically associated with plaque buildup in the arteries (if it occurs in one of the coronary arteries, which supply oxygenated blood to the myocardial tissue itself, it is further classified as CAD) (Difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis, 2014; Dulson et al., 2011). CAD is a common, serious condition that may be fatal; hence, it is imperative that one understands the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease in order to help decrease its prevalence. This report is concerned with explaining the physiological effects of CAD on the body, latter-day

Atherosclerotic disease is caused by lipid deposits that calcified and turns into plaque which buildup and stick in the arteries. The plaque can break and lead to serious problems such as heart attack, stroke, and possibly even death. Factors such as high cholesterol in the blood, smoking, diabetes and high blood pressure all increases the risk for atherosclerotic complications. According to the American Heart Association (2017), the biggest contributor to heart disease is the lack of commitment to a heart healthy lifestyle. Therefore, lifestyle modifications such as healthy diet and exercise can play an important role in helping prevent cardiovascular disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is when the arteries that supplies blood for the heart muscle gradually hardens and thickens (artherosclorosis) because of the buildup from salt, fat, cholesterol and other substances (plaque) on their inner walls. This process leaves the heart with a lack of oxygen and blood, forcing it to work harder (high blood

The heart muscle requires a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood to nourish it. The coronary arteries provide the heart with this critical blood supply. If you have coronary artery disease, those arteries become narrow and blood cannot flow as well as they should. Fatty matter, calcium, proteins, and inflammatory cells build up within the arteries to form plaques of different sizes. The plaque deposits are hard on the outside and soft and mushy on the