What is rape? The FBI has a clear definition of rape which basically states, any sexual acts of any body cavity on any individual no matter the object, upon any individual in which consent is not given is considered rape, and the amount of penetration is insignificant (FBI, 2017). What is pornography? Although the opinion of what constitutes pornography differs based on personal beliefs the dictionary’s definition to pornography is any material whether written, photographed, or videoed in which erotica, for all intents and purposes causes and elicits sexual excitement or arousal (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). So by either definition, there is zero correlation between rape and pornography. However, that is not to say in some instances viewing pornographic materials may be unhealthy and dangerous, and could lead some people to commit rape.
According to Bartol & Bartol (2012) there are particular circumstances in which pornographic materials may generate aggressive sexual behaviors. These conditions are as follows: “the level of arousal elicited by pornographic films, the level of aggressive content, and the reactions of the victims portrayed in these films and photographs” (Donnerstein. 1983, as cited by Bartol & Bartol, 2012, pg. 363).
Those individuals that are predisposed to aggressive behaviors, individuals with unhealthy sexual appetites, the predilections of the individual’s pornographic viewing habits, and the individual’s response to the material (Vincent, 2014). There a
The rising concern over the potential effect of violent and sexually explicit media on people has become very
Statistics could sound more alarming than it actually is, it is not always as bad as it could be. Personally I feel the statistics for forcible rape should be higher than 25 out of 100,000 people. I know from previous classes that rape is underreported, so this could affect this statistic greatly. This statistic seems revelantly low, which is really good thing from the publics point of view. However with the underreporting, this makes it inaccurate and harder to determine the actually amount.
Pornography is a controversial subject all around the world. Part of its appeal is its taboo nature. It has been argued that pornography is harmful. Porn is an underground market that is more or less legal but is it harmful? An article written by Diana E.H. Russell in “Dangerous Relationships: Pornography, Misogyny, and Rape” argues that it is. Diana E.H. Russell is a sociology professor. She has researched the issue and argues that pornography is profoundly harmful. Professor Russell believes that it inclines men to want to rape women and that it encourages them to act out rape fantasies. However, Michael C. Seto disputes Professor Russell's theory that pornography is harmful. Michael Seto's article, written with
As a matter of fact, those individuals with damaging thoughts are the ones that watch and produce pornography. Additionally, “exposure to obscene material correlates with increased rapes, prostitution, child molestation, violent crime, the abuse of women, and sex addiction in men” (Hacker 5). Many of these correlations are a result of ideas that pornography planted in minds. Pornography alone does not cause people to commit a sexual crime, but it affects minds enough to influence people to act in an unethical way.
Each video was watched twice, to ensure that no characteristics were missed. Videos were analyzed through the use of sexual characteristics and non-sexual characteristics tally sheets. When a specific characteristic was present it would only be marked down once per video. Because the focus of this research was on sexualization of women, only females were identified and coded.
Nevertheless, in obscene sexual materials portray certain people as mere objects and depict human relationships as one that is degrading, humiliating, victimizing and violent. This is potentially harmful because, if one is constantly exposed to certain types of
Consequently, the exposure of pornography can influence intimate partner sexual violence and forced sexual relations, especially among the females who are exceptionally vulnerable. In recent years, the focus on intimate partner sexual violence has been on the rise and its operationalization along with its association with negative repercussions. In particular, a study of 87 female victims reported that the presence of pornography is associated with the sadistic rapes from a sample of intimate partner sexual violence. With reports stating that 14% of individuals were forced by partners to watch pornography and attempt to re-enact such behaviors and acts (Moreau et al. 224). Which is directly an effect of sexual scripts provided by pornography.
and rape. Sexual assault and rape are words that are often used interchangeably but the terms have two distinct definitions. The United States Department of Justice defines sexual assault as any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient. Sexual activities that fall under the definition of sexual assault include forced sexual intercourse, forcible sodomy, child molestation, incest, fondling, and attempted rape.
In a similar aspect to the point above, pornography has influenced some to the extent that they commit an act of violence due to the explicitly and willingness found in it. Due to some of the more violent media in the porn industry, people have become less ethical over any violent act they may commit when attempting to fulfill a sexual desire. Although pornography cannot
When scrutinizing the criteria it also noteworthy clinically these juvenile sex offenders can also fall under Paraphilia-Related Disorders (PRD) which has been reported as having uncontrollable pornography and masturbation. According to Kafka he purports, “The commonly reported PRD 's include compulsive masturbation, protracted promiscuity, pornography dependence, telephone or cybersex dependence, in severe sexual desire and compatibility.” (Kafka, 2003a, p. 443). It has been noted by the Justice Center statistically juvenile sex offenders do struggle greatly with excessive masturbation and pornography. These two pieces alone are not enough to meet the criteria for the diagnosis of Hypersexual Disorder however; it should alert the clinician
Though this decrease in sexual satisfaction was described as mild, it was noted as a significant difference. It is also interesting to consider that the type of pornography viewed moderated the decrease in sexual satisfaction that was observed. Specifically, only those men who viewed paraphilic pornography, as compared to those who viewed mainstream pornography, experienced decreased sexual satisfaction (Stulhofer et al., 2010). It may be that viewing paraphilic pornography, which is known to be more extreme in nature, permits users to develop more extreme fears and high expectations regarding later sexual experiences. Developing a fear towards sex may lead to anxiety while engaging in sexual behaviors, thus decreasing rewards experienced while engaging in such behaviors. On the other hand, having high expectations regarding sex may lead to disappointment when engaging in sexual behaviors; the rewards that were experienced may have been significant, yet much less than rewards that were expected. It is also important to note that Stulhofer and colleagues failed to examine the dynamic nature of sexual satisfaction when they failed to include measures of sexual satisfaction of their subjects’ intimate partners (Stulhofer et al., 2010). Understanding how intimate partners’ sexual satisfaction varied as a factor of pornography use would give better insight as to how
Most people would agree that as you grow up you learn by seeing, feeling ,touching , smelling, and hearing . Albert Bandura supports this by a theory he created called the Social Learning Theory (McLeod, 2011). Social Learning Theory is a theory that explains that behavior is learned by your social environment, interactions and observations of others. With this theory I would say it supports opinion in which I would say that rape is not something somebody just decides one day to do. I believe that rape is learned throughout time. There are many social and even media factors that sometimes may come off with the intention that rape is acceptable. In some media factors they may even perceive that being forcibly raped is pleasurable. Movies tend to do it often and sometimes movies don 't realize that what people see on television can sometimes influence people to see these acts as a norm. For instance the fact that a college kid is in a frat and he 's in a party there is a good percentage that he would reenact what television had stereotype frats boys to do. Television would label the frat boys as potential rapist and the human mind would consider that when you take on that role as a frat boy. One of the biggest media factors all the way from television to the internet that for so many years that perceive rape as acceptable is pornography.
The Christian worldview is enforced by the Bible, which does not mention pornography because videography had yet to exist. However, the Bible does mention various forms of sin, prohibited sex and acts of the mind that would cause a person’s sexual immortality. Galatians 5 (NIV) states, “19 The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery… 21orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of God.” Based off scripture, humanity should not partake activities such as fornication, incest, adultery, orgies, and rape; all popular pornographic storylines. Watching pornographic videos could cause lust and sinful thoughts in. Lust is secular and will separate a person from God (1 John 2:26, NIV). Knowing this may influence a Christian to not indulge on pornography and actively seek counsel.
Another study was done focused on pornographic content pictures with clearly exposed genitals movies with clearly exposed genitals pictures in which people are having sex movies in which people are having sex, and erotic contact sites (Peter & Valkenburg, 2006). The study consisted of 745 adolescents between 13-18 years of age completing online surveys in the Netherlands (advanced, westernized country, matched representative norms) Findings show 71% of males and 40% of females had been exposed to some sort of sexually explicit material previous to testing. They were
Pornography has strong influences over its viewers. Recent research has been done in attempt to find the link between sexually explicit material and how exposure to it has caused changes in a person’s aggression level toward women, and one’s cognitive development of sexual and social standards and expectations. The findings are grounds for advising trying to regulate the accessibility of pornography to minors to avoid these potentially harmful influences. Although, during adolescence, usually centered between the ages of 13 and 19, sexual curiosity is expected, compulsive curiosity to sexual material that is not most realistic in nature can cause unrealistic views of women and sex roles. These impacts are happening in the plastic minds of 13 and 19-year-old web surfers who are unaware of the effects taking place. Child pornography is a form of child sexual abuse. Federal law defines child pornography as any visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct involving a minor less than 18 years old. Progressively, child pornography laws are being used to punish the utilization of computer technology and the Internet to get, share, and appropriate pornographic material including kids, including pictures and movies. Having a violation of federal child pornography laws is a serious crime and first time offenders found guilty of producing child