Corruption During The Cold War

This article involves all the countries in the world including Canada, in which these countries are ranked based off Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions. It states how and why countries are corrupt. It shows the readers how the scale is created, so they take factors like if the government is held responsible or go unpunished for corruption, or whether institutions respond to citizen’s needs. The index is only based on expert opinions in order to produce accurate results.

Without doubt, corruption has permeated the African society and anyone who can say that corruption in Africa has not become alarming is either a fool, a crook or else does not live in this continent. In the words of Kofi Annan, the former United Nations Secretary General, ‘corruption undermines economic performance, weakens democratic institutions and the rule of law, disrupts social order and destroys public trust, thus allowing organized crime, terrorism and other threats to human security to flourish…And it is always the public good that suffers. Corruption is an impediment to political, economic and social development as it hinders administrative development and performance, it impairs economic efficiency, and leads to brain drain, as well as it discourage foreign investments. Corruption also reduces the productivity of public investment and of the county’s infrastructure through misallocation of talent and other resources, reduces government revenue due to tax evasion

The CIA is recognized as an intelligence-driven and threat-focused national security organization that works with confidential fiscal and administrative procedures, although have fallen through loop holes and broken some rules and regualtions. The case of CIA v. Wesley Swearingen will aid in conducting towards proving that the CIA is corrupt. Wesley Swearingen, an ex-FBI agent from 1951 until he retired in 1977 perpetrated and witnessed numerous violations of law by FBI and CIA agents and their operatives, heard revealing statements by other agents about their illegal activities, and read files that had documented violations of the rights of American citizens. Swearingen states that “activities of FBI agents and their ‘informers’ included warrantless

Over the past decade (from 2004 to 2014), political corruption in Russia government is gradually uncovered by some global medias and organizations. Such tendency not only repainted the entire landscape of Russia government, but also raised public awareness on the significance of preventing a greater deterioration of this political phenomenon worldwide. This report aims to prove such political phenomenon is unethical through the comparison with code of conduct, and to provide tangible measures and solutions. The result suggests that high-level of corruption in the Russian government is one of the factors of inflation. It is also found that corruption will lead to social issues. Most importantly, such political behavior is unethical regarding the code of conduct. In order to achieve a revolutionary change in the Russia government, therefore, a redefinition of legislation and a recreation of domestic press are indispensible.

After reading these books, l thinks America should be less corruption of authority and also equality. All citizens in American should have freedom and be treated equality no matter the skin color./ These stories offer that America should be free of corruption and equality. These stories stories sees America to be like a country with no strict and segregation against one group of people.

Explain the particulars of the corruption case you have chosen (place, date, a concise overview of case/example).

 In regard to corruption and bribery by U.S. companies and their agents conducting business overseas, the State Department claims that the U.S. “has been a leader in the multinational effort to end bribery and corruption in international practices, a campaign... supported by the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and other multilateral organizations and institutions” (U.S. Dept. of State). This statement clearly demonstrates that the need to address and deter corruption and bribery in the international business environment is recognized as an important initiative, worth pursuing and requiring the cooperation of many nations. Even though it took the U.S. nearly ten years to bring thirty-three countries on board to take part in a multinational anti-bribery initiative, they did so by signing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (US Dept. of Justice, Lay-Person’s Guide).

Bribery has become a common term in the corporate world, specifically when international business deals are discussed. Until 1977, it was legal in the United States to bribe foreign officials in order to receive preference or a better business deal. But, the passing of the Foreign Corruption Practices Act of 1977 and its subsequent amendments made it a criminal act for any organization within the U.S. or foreign organization doing business in the United States, to practice any form of bribery and also required the President of the United States to engage other nations in creating similar laws. Since, many nations have chosen to band together against bribery and have formed the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development that ultimately created the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. This now makes it illegal to practice bribery in any of the countries that are part of this organization. While the United States and the world has come a long way in stamping out bribery, there are still some organizations that think they can get away with it but end up with massive fines and prison time. But, with so many nations banding together, one can still be hopeful for a world in which we can do business ethically with other ethical businesses around the world.

Even before the Cold Wars official start in 1945, there was a heated political and economical tension between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. The Cold War was a complex war on ideologies, and there are many factors that contributed to the political and ethical conflict between the two superpowers.

An intergovernmental push for corruption reform began to occur as The United Nations asked all member states to adopt the OECD. As U.S. the also significantly stepped up enforcement of the FCPA, the enforcement trajectory extended to ensure compliance be unavoidable in the global economy.

The Cold War stemmed from the distrust between the West and the Soviet Union. The West feared the spread of Soviet-Communism and the Soviets resented the West for failing to acknowledge them as an international power (exclusion from the Versailles Treaty Conference). The two countries were allied during WWII, however, their bond was one filled with tension and as the war came to an end, the tensions along with the mistrust only grew. Post-war, the West began to fear Soviet expansion while the Soviet’s perceived the West as the interventionists within international affairs. Both held an equal amount of distrust towards one another, therefore, questioned all actions taken by the other in order to gain the upper-hand. In personal experience, once

Corruption defines the phenomenon in which a person who is in the position of authorities abuses power to acquire private benefits. Widespread of bribery have substantial detrimental effects on governments, firms, and the broader stakeholders in which it takes place. Corruption scandals reported in China, Pakistan, Egypt, South Africa and elsewhere draw a high attention on the corruption, especially in developing countries. Although in the past few decades, governments introduced a series of policies to prevent the fraud, it’s still hard to eliminate the corruption indeed.

Corruption in India is widely spread. India is ranked 85 out of 179 countries in Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index; its score has improved rapidly from 2.7 in 2002 to 3.4 in 2008. It is the one of the main problem facing by India in his way of development. Corruption is not a recent phenomena it existed in form or another form since immemorial. In various ancient civilizations it is clearly demonstrated that bribery was a serious problem among the Jews, Chinese, Japanese, Greeks, Romans as well as Azeets of the modern world.

Is not a surprise that society relationship with business continues to evolve over the decades, expectation of business can vary depending on what interest groups advocate. With more access to education, discussions emerge on whether there can be a solution to the problem. In society is expected that everyone acts ethically according to the standards of societies (11), but when corruption scandals erupts, demand for government action become prevalent. For Latin America corruption is a significant issue that continues to be affect the region in major proportions. According to The Economist corruption in the region has historic roots and continues to hold ground; however there are signs of moderate change (The Economist). When The Odebrecht scandal erupted for many it was the tip of the iceberg. Odebrecht is Latin Americas largest construction conglomerate; many had praised the company for its outstanding business practices. Unfortunately with emerging allegations that

The measurement, as a result of the varying definitions and forms of corruption, is very difficult to do and becomes further complicated due to the illegal and concealed nature of such acts (Brunetti 2003). Initial surveys took more of a straightforward questioning approach, but given that the nature of some of the most corrupt countries may have severe restrictions on free speech, they may have discouraged respondents from providing accurate answers (Soares 2004). A more common approach to understanding corruption focuses more on the notion of perceived corruption. That is, instead of asking the survey respondents directly about their experiences with corruption, the surveyors ask the respondents about how much corruption they think exists within their country or specific field of work. The first such surveys were administered by Transparency International (TI) over a cross-national platform (Treisman 2007; Montinola 2002). They noted that the more subjective indexes of perceived corruption – which were based on evaluations of both experts and the opinions of business people and citizens – turned out to be highly correlated with a variety of factors that are commonly believed to be the roots of corruption. Currently, two such indexes have evolved from the first efforts created by TI – a Corruptions Perceptions Index (CPI) created by TI and a rating of the control of corruption published by the World Bank (WB). The CPI essentially averages the standardized values while