Corruption in China

Corruption and power have been inextricably linked for so long that many consider them to be one and the same, forever destined to accompany each other. Yet, corruption among the powerful has not been met with complacency in human history, rather the opposite instead. The Ancient Romans pioneered the first legal system with brutal punishments aimed to prevent ambitus, or political corruption. This strong desire to forcibly isolate corruption and power can be seen in China’s recent decision to declare severe cases of political corruption as worthy of the “death penalty”. Corruption even correlates with the development status of a country, which explains the common “African leadership is corrupt” rhetoric. Corruption and power may seem to be

Corruption was also throughout many aspects of the administration of the Qing Dynasty. Many officials increased their own personal fortunes by raising peasant’s taxes and by pocketing money, which was to be used for infrastructure, such as the river mitigation project.

The Chinese government owns all the land and protection of property is decreasing. The corruption of the Chinese government continues as they reject core reforms such as disclosure of assets by officials, oversight of bodies, and lifting political restraints on citizens. To continue the problem China has a weak financial regulation, use of debt to overproduce, the culture of saving and not spending, and profound fear of innovative ideas. However, China’s use of

Political machines were one of the main sources of corruption. Political machines were extremely powerful organizations linked to political parties - these machines controlled local government cities. A “political boss” controlled jobs and services by offering bribes in return for political votes. A spoils system rose from this in which political supporters were given jobs and favors for support, however, often times the people given these political jobs were not qualified for them. Moreover, “Big Business” was yet another form of corruption.

First, it is important to define what corruption is. The term, “corruption” covers a broad range of human actions,

Because power is a highly coveted asset, corruption is often intertwined with the journey in acquiring power. Because America has a two party system consisting of a Democratic Party and a Republican Party, there is much power to be obtained if one is able to secure a representative spot in either party (Tannahill 118). In particular, I believe representatives in the Republican Party are more concerned about their political seats and what power can be gained from their seats than doing what is best for their constituents. This can be seen in the public’s assessment of political parties and in the presence of crony capitalism.

After reading these books, l thinks America should be less corruption of authority and also equality. All citizens in American should have freedom and be treated equality no matter the skin color./ These stories offer that America should be free of corruption and equality. These stories stories sees America to be like a country with no strict and segregation against one group of people.

In China, corruption is so apparent that often people are disincentivized to owning businesses because permits and consultants cost too much and require bribes. Yet, bribes can cost the economy big money because essentially the corrupt businessmen are taking the money away from public services (111). The issues coming up in the future are that the governments that are corrupt might have negative impacts on other global economies and spread the norm of corruption. Yet, both countries do show the will to “purify the Party” which includes newly implemented rules against gluttony, adultery, and even playing golf under the leadership of Wang Qishan (113). In China a bigger issue is also the fact that the public is becoming increasingly involved in corruption scandals. Officials worry people will get carried away with excessive accusations (115). More issues stem from the type of political system that China has; they employ a nominal legal system that runs at the discretion of the Party leadership so this means that whoever is in power can change the entire political ideals. In India, they are based on a historical British political system with anticorruption laws but these laws are often not enforced. Yet, even when they are enforced, trials in case can last for up to a decade (116). In India, they are making moves to help out their corruption issues. They implemented the Aadhaar program

Corruption has been seen as a major obstacle of rapid economic growth and development. It is a complex phenomenon whose roots lay in political and bureaucratic institutions and affects the economic growth of different countries. It makes the governments intervene where they do not need to, and it weakens the ability of the government to enact and implement policies in areas in which government intervention is needed. Over the years, the dispute of the economic consequences of corruption on economic growth has been a topic of analysis. The analysis is focused on the effect of corruption on economic growth. Several studies have generally found a negative correlation between corruption, economic growth, inequality, governance, income distribution and business environment. At the same time also some positive correlation with economic growth has been found to exist.

Other scholars have attempted to take different approaches to defining corruption in terms of a centralized versus decentralized nature. Shleifer and Vishny (1993) conclude that government bureaucracies and agencies act as monopolists selling complementary government-produced goods that are legally required for private sector activity. Waller, Verdier and Gardner (2002) go further by explaining that decentralized corruption is a system in which higher-level officials collect a fixed amount of bribe income from each bureaucrat who collects a

Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption campaign has successfully removed bureaucrats from office who have participated in corrupt activities; however, the campaign will never fully eliminate corruption if reforms that combats the roots of corruption are not implemented. Unless the causes of corruption are treated, the pervasiveness of corruption will never be fully extinguished. Xi Jinping has used the campaign to remove political rivals or officials whose primary loyalty lies with former regimes to consolidate central authority. I do not believe that the main goal of the campaign is to purge officials who threaten Xi’s authority, but individuals may have been targeted for this reason. The anti-corruption campaign has made it possible for Xi to potentially

Mexico has been a democracy for close to 100 years, however, in practice, it is only now going through a democratic transition (ONSF). The dislodging of an authoritarian political party from presidency in 2000 made many optimistic about Mexico’s move towards democracy. Similarly, China, a fractured authoritarian state, has been showing increasing signs of democracy. Due to its economic and political trends, many argue that China is well on its way towards becoming a democracy. However, despite these trends, there is a problem in that the politics in both Mexico and China remain riddled with corruption. This complex issue raises the question of why corruption persists in both Mexico and China despite their movements towards democracy. This

As Murphy et al. (1993) discussed in there paper, corruption tends to hurt innovative activities because innovators usually need government-supplied goods, such as permits and import quotas, more than established producers do. Demand for these goods is usually high and inelastic, so they may become primary targets of corruption. However, innovative projects are typically long-termed and risky, which makes innovators being very credit-constrained and cannot as easily find the cash to pay bribes as established producers do. As a result, public rent-seeking in particular may afflict innovative activity the most and sharply reduce the rate of economic growth. Furthermore, Murphy pointed out that when an economy that starts out in a good equilibrium (meaning, low level of rent-seeking) slides into a bad equilibrium (high level of rent-seeking), it is costly to snap out of such equilibrium.

Political corruption is parasitic; it finds a host, and can almost always find a way to survive. Eventually, people grow dependent on this corruption as a means for income, thus forming a symbiosis between the people who benefit from it, and the elites that regulate it. People sometimes ignore the corruption surrounding them, feeling that as long as the politicians do their jobs well, their ‘extra salary’ can’t hurt (BNS).

Corruption is a complex political, social, and economic anomaly that negatively affects developing and developed countries. It weakens democratic institutions, holds economic development, widening the rich-poor gap and certainly leads to governmental instability. The World Bank definition of corruption states that “…the abuse of public office for private gain”.