Corruption in Procurement

The conditions I think must exist and factors that allow corruption to seep into public organizations is organizations conditions must exist are policies and procedures and they need to be acknowledged and discussed. When thinking about factors that allow corruption to seep into public organizations would be low salaries that would force a person that is struggling financially to take bribes to make financial ends meet. Many public organizations have a large employment size making it easier to hide bribes and inflated claims in large business deals other than a small business, a lot of organizations need to have a Confidentiality of information having numerous ideas for public organizations holding or knowing confidential information to misuse their position. When corruption seep in to the public organizations many policies and procedures are absent and not enforced to all employees

Cooper, D., & Schindler, P. (2014). Business Research Methods [University of Phoenix Custom Edition eBook]. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561 – Applied Business Research and Statistics.

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements of the degree Programme Bachelor of Business Administration

The following is the list of core corrupt acts, classified by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: bribery, embezzlement, theft, fraud, extortion, nepotism, favoritism, and clientelism. However, it is important to note that this is not an exhaustive list. Progressive development could enlarge this list to include other acts in the future. Since, bribery is frequently found and seen as “popular” among white-collar employees, like higher government officials, I am going to address to this kind of a corruption.

On any given day, if you were to tune into a news channel or browse the internet, there would be a good chance that a story of corruption would be uncovered. Corruption has been taking place since the beginning of time (literally). Some would say that is customary, and many would even argue that it is inevitable. In the book, ¬Global Corruption: Money, Power and Ethics in the Modern World, Laurence Cockcroft attempts to identify and educate others on the ethical (or unethical) dilemmas that many individuals, companies, and/or governments are facing throughout the world. Global Corruption provides the reader incredible insight into a wide array of instances of corruption. Mr. Cockcroft begins by giving the reader a brief overview of what defines corruption, along with several examples of corruption that has occurred throughout the globe. Then the author transitions into why corruption occurs by identifying the common drivers of unethical behavior, and concludes the book by offering some analysis on what measures need to be taken in order to fight global corruption.

6. Collis J & Hussey R (2009) Business Research: Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students, 3rd edition, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan

Bunting (1999) indicates Nyerere’s dream for easing poverty, the creation of equal economic opportunities, and the improved wellbeing of citizen constantly defied Nyerere when he left office in 1985. Apart from his own failure, external forces on the other hand, exceeded his ability, failed his policies, and perpetuated poverty. He could not manage to deviate from the international polices, he, instead found himself restrained automatically in the policies of the World Bank, IMF, the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) now the World Trade Organization (WTO). All of these institutions, increased and worsened the poor condition in Tanzania, through the previously identified prohibitive regulations of the early 1970s (Hope, 2007). I would say that, the government of

Corruption is a set of unethical and dishonest practices that are done with the intention of self-enrichment usually at societal expense.Alege,Adamu and Muhammad (2014) defined corruption as efforts to secure wealth or power through illegal means for private gain at public expense or as a misuse of public power for private benefit.The World Bank (1997) defines corruption as the abuse of public office for private gain.Corruption therefore mainly involves those public figures regardless of whether they have authority or not.Corruption comes in different ways including bribery,extortion,emblezzement,tender selling etc.Research has shown that it is difficult to accurately measure the levels of corruption a country has.It has been shown that countries with high levels of corruption experience a negative correlation between corruption and economic growth as compared to those countries with relatively low levels of corruption. The World Bank describes corruption as ‘‘the single greatest obstacle to economic and social development. It undermines development by distorting the rule of law and weakening the institutional foundation on which economic growth depends’’. This paper therefore will mainly focus in administrative corruption in the public sector. The corruption index (CPI) published by Transparency International is used to rank countries according to the level and prevalence of corruption and the said country. . According to research from various authors including Mauro (1995)

Kenya is one of the most corrupt countries in the world due to a long legacy of corrupt leaders according to the recent transparency international standings(145/176). It is so visible, that it is impossible for a citizen or even a visitor to deny its presence. Corruption is a problem that is engulfed everywhere around the globe, in some countries more than others and it was not until a few years ago that the international donor community recognized corruption as one of the main responsibilities for the failure of development in Africa .Corruption hinders economic development and gradually slows down the democratic process and stability within a political system. The money gained out from corruption does not trickle down to the people nor is it used to make any development, instead is it used for private gain and to fund luxurious living. Corruption in Africa can be seen as both systemic and generalized, systemic since it is more of a rule than an exception and generalized since it is not limited to just one sector. There are three types of corruption that are found in a society, but will only mention two of them. The first type of corruption is described as grand corruption: which is corruption acts done by the political elite. They use their powers to gain private themselves, it is known as the worst form of corruption as it’s responsible for destroying communities at large. The second type of corruption is bureaucratic corruption, also known as petty corruption. In this

The use of a qualitative method and a telephone interview analysis were important tools in obtaining the data needed to answer the research question. Some opportunities identified include increased employment; export expansion, cultural interchange etc. Risks mentioned included corruption, bureaucracy and variation in commodity price among others. Tanzania needs to make effective use of the opportunities since it has a high economic growth potential that could see its position advancing from a less developed country to an intermediate or even a highly developed country. Corruption, among other risks, is presented to be a major problem in Tanzania. The author agrees that combating corruption is not an easy action which can be done by the government alone, rather through support from all citizens. Nevertheless, the current government has already started taking measures to combat corruption in the country. This was evident when the Tanzanian president started by removing top director generals and other government officials that were either embezzling national funds or practicing corrupting procedures. It’s the researcher’s hope that if this development continues, the new phase of Tanzania is likely to come which will result in increasing trade performance and strengthened trade ties between Germany and

Eric, Spector and Frances, (2003) holds that corruption and poverty have the same footsteps in developing nations. The level of poverty are influenced by Corruption in the both public and private sectors. Occasionally, countries experiencing acute poverty are the natural breeding places for corruption. The worse form of corruption include stealing of funds meant for public projects, diversion of public programs and payment of bribes to avoid health and safety laws designed to profit the public (Jakob Sevensson, 2005)

Political corruption is parasitic; it finds a host, and can almost always find a way to survive. Eventually, people grow dependent on this corruption as a means for income, thus forming a symbiosis between the people who benefit from it, and the elites that regulate it. People sometimes ignore the corruption surrounding them, feeling that as long as the politicians do their jobs well, their ‘extra salary’ can’t hurt (BNS).

must be hidden from the public and is not enforced by courts it entails transaction costs,

“I have read the Student Academic Code of Conduct and this assignment complies with the Code”

Corruption is a complex political, social, and economic anomaly that negatively affects developing and developed countries. It weakens democratic institutions, holds economic development, widening the rich-poor gap and certainly leads to governmental instability. The World Bank definition of corruption states that “…the abuse of public office for private gain”.