Cost Effectiveness In The NHS

The articles I chose for my annotated bibliography were about healthcare cost and quality. The theme in many of these articles was about healthcare cost and does it affect patients experience. In some settings like hospitals, the cost of quality affects patient experience. The largest component of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product goes to healthcare spending (17% in 2009), and yet the quality is unsatisfactory. It was also interesting to find out that more people die each year in the United States from medical errors than from highway accidents, breast cancer, or AIDS (National Academy of Science's Institute of Medicine, 2002).

One of the strengths of the NHS England is residents receive free fully funded medical care that includes all medical treatment, screenings including antenatal, dental, prescriptions, specialist referrals and optometrists (NHS England, 2016). Furthermore, while being free at point of access, the NHS system is an efficient, effective, care, safe, coordinated and patient centred system that was ranked number two worldwide on equity (NHS England, 2016). Free healthcare supports Ham 's (2010) claim that being free at point of entry is a characteristic of a high performing health care system. The benefits of free healthcare were that everyone was able to get the same medical treatment.

In a world of increasing competition for health resources economic evaluations are essential to provide evidence to decision makers that allows them to make appropriate decisions regarding the best use of those resources (Cohen and Reynolds, 2008; Williams et al., 2008). Critical appraisal is the means by which the validity of this research is assessed and is essential for true evidence based practice, and decision-making (Burls, 2009; Ciliska, Thomas and Buffett, 2008).

It has been widely accepted that rationing of the National Health Service (NHS) is paramount to maintaining and balancing public resources. In a utopian world it would be possible to provide every patient with every medical treatment that they would require, however this is not possible and therefore rationing has to be applied by local health authorities. Simply, there are not enough resources and medical staff available to keep up with the ever evolving demands of the public, and once more, these medical resources can’t at times tend to the needs of the medical advancements made every day. Some equipment and medicines are extremely costly and the NHS struggles to balance public budgets in the face of such advancements. One survey of a primary care trust in the NHS found that the panel that made that decision about funding new treatments was faced with applications that would have

It is an honor to be considered for NHS. To me NHS is a place where gifted individuals can continue to grow as people and polish their talents. As a past NJHS member, I would like to find myself in NHS.

NHS is an organization made up of students who regularly demonstrate the four pillars of NHS: Character, Leadership, Scholarship, and Service. Saydel’s chapter of NHS should model outstanding service and leadership within our school and community. Doing so will create a positive environment amongst our community members and students. Utilizing my strong leadership abilities, I believe I can help our chapter of NHS flourish. My strength in organization, self-determination, and ability to engage others will make me a great asset to our NHS

This simple image depicts the direction not only the NHS is heading, but the entire world. This direction is toward a more technologically advanced future, with increased efficiency and reliability throughout. The NHS is one of the largest organisations in the UK and boasts the highest employment rate of people within the IT sector. This leads to the question of what these IT personnel are doing and what technology they are bringing to the NHS to improve productivity. It is evident through campaigns such as the one in the previous image that the NHS is attempting to modernise alongside technology but what technology is truly used isn’t largely public knowledge, this is where this report attempts to bridge the gap, allowing the public greater knowledge to the inner workings of the NHS. This report also allows for the NHS to understand what technologies are working well within the organisation alongside those which aren’t working so well, so they are able to work with this for future improvements.

The U.S. spends more resources on healthcare than any other nation. Yet, the The Commonwealth Fund (2014, para. 1) claim the U.S. health system consistently ranks last or near last relative to other industrialized nations regarding health outcomes. Consequently, insurance companies are adopting a value-based reimbursement system aimed at containing costs and improving clinical outcomes (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d., para. 35).

In an ever increasingly competitive healthcare environment, there is a need to determine that 1) the desired outcome is produced, 2) quality care is provided and 3) the cost of care is the lowest possible. Yet the basis for the determination of such is having the right kind of measures available. Dr. Trudy Mallinson is one such specialist in the program who has the year of experience

The NHS itself originally came around in the year 1948 and was launched by Aneurin Bevan. It was all based on 3 principles which were; firstly to provide hospital services, secondly to provide primary care; family doctor services and finally community services such as maternity and child welfare clinics, health visitors, midwives, health education, vaccinations, immunisations and ambulance services. (Beryl Stretch, 2007)

Lifestyle choices such as smoking, drinking alcohol, poor diet and lack of physical exercise have many diseases associated with them. In 2006-07, patients with these diseases cost the NHS a combined total of £18.4bn (Scarborough et al. 2011). If the NHS limited treatment to these groups of people, it would be able to invest this money into other areas of need. This could lead to improved facilities for people who become ill through no fault of their own.

What would happen financially to a health services organization over time if its prices were set at:

Against a background of increasing demands on limited resources, health economics is exerting an influence on decision making at all levels of health care. Health economics seeks to facilitate decision making by offering an explicit decision making framework based on the principle of efficiency. It is not the only consideration but it is an important one and practitioners will need to have an understanding of its basic principles and how it can impact on clinical decision making.

Cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses are forms of economic evaluation which are useful in health economics for comparing costs and allocating resources. Health economics is widely relevant to governments and the health sector in implementation of new policy, as it concerns the allocation of resources in the context of a limited budget, or 'scarcity'. Economic evaluation is a potential tool for setting priorities in health, though it is only one of many potential criteria, including overall budget and public attitudes and wants. Economic evaluation is already in use in some settings, such as in pharmaceutical company proposals for government subsidisation, but there is room for expansion across the field of

The current research programs in the Centre for Health Economic at Monash University took my interest as the university is providing a wide range of research areas in the field of Health Economics. Furthermore, the researches are mainly centred on economic evaluation, health outcomes and performance in the health care system which help me to get a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of micro econometrics and other statistical methods, while focusing on Health Economics. In addition to my postgraduate experience, during my volunteer work at King Edward Memorial Hospital and Multiple Sclerosis Society of Western Australia, I have acquired experience in designing questionnaires in relation to ongoing health programs and analysed the surveys’ data focusing on pre-and post-health outcomes. All these academic and extracurricular activities enhance my interest in Health Economics and therefore I am willing to go for further studies to have a sound knowledge of in this specific field.