Cost-Minimization Analysis (CMA)
This method aims to compare two or more treatment alternatives, having equal safety and efficacy. However, it is must that, the two alternatives must be therapeutically equivalent (with the same safety and efficacy). This method is simple and relatively straightforward in which two or more alternatives having same safety and efficacy are selected, their costs are measured, compared, and the alternative with least cost is identified. Therefore, it helps to identify the least costly treatment among the alternatives. As a result, helps to include drug in the formulary, include the drug in health care policies, exclude the drugs with high cost comparatively from the formulary, and to increase the utilization
If the patient’s prescriber feels the patient will benefit from a drug from the higher
The cost-effectiveness analysis is a method used to examine in contrast the costs and results of two or more interventions with the same objective. The cost-effectiveness analysis is beneficial for correlating responses when dealing with or discussing similar health issues in a natural unit such as deaths, sickness, prevention of burns, and the monetary costs of these interventions.
All three providers have agreed that prescribing a pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment regimen must result from clinical judgment based on a thorough assessment of the patient and the patient’s environment, present and past medical history, current home medication, the determination of differential diagnosis and appropriate diagnostic procedure, a review of potential alternative therapies and specific knowledge about the drug chosen and the disease process it is designed to treat (Woo & Robinson, 2016; p.6).
Health professionals quite often have to weigh p agreements over cost, the effectiveness of treatment and the benefit that patients gain from the proposed course of action.
The elemental question appears what happens to the 25% of people that has not improved from the medication and the 50% who do not receive treatment? It is conclusive that the medication is not definitive result to determine
In this class, I learned about ICD-10 and CPT codes. ICD-10 is coding of diseases, abnormal findings, or signs and symptoms. CPT is a medical code that used bill medical procedures or services, which tell private or public insurances payer what medical procedures or services the healthcare provider would like to be reimbursed for. I also learned about Medicare, Medicaid and premium insurance coverages. This class was really helpful for me. I will consider patents’ insurance coverage before I prescribe medications or order diagnostic tests in order to provide high-quality care and cost-effective care for patients.
This article was quite different from the previous articles I have read in the class as it poses methods for physicians to analyze treatment benefits. Similar to what we learned in class, the article discusses different types of economic analysis as well as the different types of costs associated with treatments. Although I think that considering economic analysis is a great way for physicians to provide the most beneficial treatment, I
List one or two adverse reactions for the selected agent(s) that would cause you to change therapy.
The author considers the simplest way of finding out best practice is by using guidelines. According to Field & Lohr (1992) guidelines are “systematic developed statements to assist practitioners and patients decisions for specific clinical circumstances.” Evidence is always current and a generous collection of many different systematic research reviews with multiple random control trials are available (AGREE, 2000). These types of trials are graded at the top level of hierarchy (Guyatt et al 2002).Nevertheless in contrast Devereaux and Yusuf (2005) argue that top level hierarchy is not a guaranteed deviation from the truth in randomized trials. The clinical guidance used is the National Institute of Clinical Guidance (NICE 2009) is based in the author’s homeland and is an independent organisation responsible for providing guidelines. The ethos behind NICE (2009) is to promote and prevent poor health nationally involving the public, health professionals and patients in the process (NICE 2009).
condition to revise the course of medical treatment if necessary. The methods that are most
The patient conducted her consulattion with her Medical Doctor of the clinic and is aware why her dose decrease will not get approved. The patent then reported, she will attempt to improve on her discontinuing her illicit use.
Whereas evaluation of intervention effectiveness looks at how well the intervention improved health outcomes, economic evaluation looks at how cost factors relate to the intervention (CDC, n.d., page 4). In essence, economic evaluation is a way to identify, measure, value, and compare the costs and results of intervention programs and health policies (CDC, n.d., page 6). There are numerous purposes of economic evaluations. These include but are not limited to: generating burden of disease estimates (i.e., cost-of-illness analysis); comparing “willingness to pay” for the intervention to the intervention expense (i.e., cost-benefit analysis); comparing intervention costs to intervention outcomes (i.e., cost-of-effectiveness analysis); providing recommendations about the design or implementation strategy of a health intervention; and informing decision-making processes and policy development (CDC, n.d., page 4-7; Slade, 2016).
Any treatment that, in the given circumstances, offers a reasonable hope of benefit and is
The first step in Cellini and Kee's framework is to determine if the analysis will be cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness. Cost benefit analysis is considered by the authors to be the superior technique (p.496) so that is what will be used. The