Central-Tendency Effect and Counterontology
Many aspects of life are incongruous meaning that they are bizarre and contradictory, this interests humans due to the fact that humans are extremely curious by nature. With this curiosity comes a craving for understanding. Humans are also very intelligent beings and enjoy being challenged in terms of stimulation if something is not very stimulating it becomes uninspiring and considered not worth understanding. Nevertheless, this does work both ways, if something is too challenging it becomes confusing which is not appealing. This means that there has to be some area in the middle that leads to the highest contentment of an individual or the general population, this spot in know as the “sweet spot”
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An ontology (ontologies for plural) is a group or category in which humans put in everything known to man in order to help understand the world. Some example ontologies would, but are not limited to, inanimate objects, art, and living things. As mentioned in Jim Davies book Riveted, humans are curious by nature and crave understanding, these ontologies help fulfill that craving and make it possible to investigate the world in a more organized fashion. Pascal Boyer’s counterontology theory takes an object and gives it characteristics from at least one other ontology to see how the human mind reacts to the contradiction of what it thinks to be true. Boyer’s counterontology theory shows that people will only find something intriguing if one or two characteristics from a different ontology are combined with it. An example given in class was the example of a crying statue. There were two ontologies mixed together, the inanimate quality being the statue itself and a biological quality, the tear. The statue had broken one of the foundational rules of being an inanimate object by having that living, biological characteristic of the tear. Had there been more characteristics from other ontologies the statue may have been regarded as too complex, hard to look at and …show more content…
For example, an orchestra is composed of many different elements, the individual instruments, the members and the conductor. There is a lot happening, but because pieces composed to intentionally have different intensities and tempos at different times, even if an observer starts to feel bored there will suddenly be a change in intensity to grasp their attention again. These varying levels of intensities create a sweet spot for the observer because it creates suspense, they become curious as to when the tempo is going to change which keeps them engaged and interested. The major ontology in this example would be music with an added characteristic of suspense, two different ontologies that fit well together. In addition to this, counterontology would suggest that if any more ontologies were to be added to the existing mixture orchestra would become very confusing and therefore unappealing. Taking music as an example again, there is another side of music that is not only instrumental but also lyrical, this mixes two ontologies resulting in a positive engaging experience. Moreover, to add to the central tendency effect in order to make the experience even more enjoyable the music can be performed live with lights and special effects, like a rock concert. The orchestra and the concert are two very different
Specifically in the book One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s nest by Ken Kesey, an example of this idea is the scene where McMurphy compares the patients to animals is shown. In this crucial scene, the patients learn McMurphy’s view on the ‘hierarchy’ within the hospital. The patients see this through the comparison he uses, saying that
phenomenon, known as pareidolia, is the idea that humans are prone to find patterns in chaos. Similarly, as curious creatures, we strive to develop a guide in a life of uncertainty. An inherent aspect of human nature is the desire to establish a purpose for every action and a creed for existence. In addition, we remind ourselves of the flaws that we must abstain from. Such reminders are often found in religions such as Christianity and Hinduism and dystopian literature. Ursula Le
Object-oriented ontology is a Heidegger-influenced idea of thought that rejects the privileging of human existence over the existence of nonhuman objects. Object-oriented ontology maintains that objects exist independently
The foundation of this paper is situated in the (counter)narratives of three black female school leaders. A central tenet of CRT is to validate the “voices” of people of color. Scholars of CRT in education argue that data collected of the stories told by educators in educational spaces of their experience in recognizing and confronting “isms,” be seen as valid (Ladson-Billings & Tate, 1995; Solórzano & Bernal, 2001; Solórzano & Yosso, 2001, 2002b). Solorzano and Yosso (2002a) present five constructive uses of counternarratives or counter stories: (1) creates a community among those at the margins of society; (2) challenges the ideological thinking of center-wing members; (3) both discloses the existence of other possibilities and unites communities with the same goals; (4) constructs
Imagine a simplistic world without curiosity. No questions are asked, so no answers are given. Experiences like confusion and misunderstanding do not happen. A world like that is akin to mediocrity. That world would be a very bland world. Fortunately, the world today is nothing like that of the world described. Advancements in technology and culture were derived from curiosity. People wanted to know why things worked and how they could improve upon them to do better. Other occurrences came about from misunderstandings. One such example is the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 passed by President Roosevelt. “The law authorized inspectors from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to stop any bad or mislabeled meat from entering interstate and foreign commerce” (“BRIA”). This act came about due to the response from Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle. Although mentioned, the horrors of the
The function of cognition is adaptive; it serves the organization of the experiential world, not the discovery of ontological reality", radical constructivism "starts with the assumption that knowledge, no matter how it is defined, is in the heads of persons, and that the thinking subject has no alternative but to construct what he or she does know on the basis of his or her own experiences"(Glasersfeld 1). These constructivist approaches recommend that the self changes and develops. One instrument such methodologies have used to clarify this claim is the psychological investigation of similitude that clarifies representation as a dialect result of thought, information, and cognizance, an illustration "is a pattern of thought that underlies our cognition and knowledge generally, including our cognition and knowledge about our daily worlds" (Turner
2. A Schema is a system that helps us organize and make sense of information. you may have developed a schema that all homeless people are rude and distasteful. Because of this schema, you organize your actions around it you may find the small number of them that are rude and because of this every time you see a homeless person you think they are rude and distasteful.
First, an innate craving for understanding is an important trait unique to humans. It is remarkable that Homo sapiens take time to just try and figure things out. This is something that has been apparent throughout the entirety of humans’ existence, and still is today. We try to conceive a way to make tasks easier, and we understand that the only method by which this can be done is to first have a total understanding of the mechanics of things. This desire for comprehension is reflected in humans’ gradual exodus from Africa. The most popular theory is that humans left Africa solely because they were instinctively curious about what lies beyond the environment they have become accustomed to (NOVA, episode 2). Humans have
Religion is a set of beliefs about supernatural forces that offer meaning to life, suggests explanation for why things occur, and provides a sense of control over unexplainable phenomenon. Psychology is often viewed as the building block of religion due to the fact that religious worshippers believe in a supernatural figure that they have yet to see in the physical. Nonetheless, both believers and non-believers are to think that God exists both in the natural and the supernatural...without concrete proof. Theologian and philosopher Anselm proposed an ontological argument which did not intend to prove God's existence; rather testify how the idea of God became self-evident to him. What's ontology?
This paper evaluates an argument against Perdurantism and presents possible alternatives to demonstrate that substances do not always overlap. Firstly, we utilize the Lump and Clay example from Effingham’s (20xx) An Introduction To Ontology to illustrate what Perdurantism entails. Afterwards, we object the anti-perdurantist’s argument because it is arbitrary to claim that a substance’s career only begins when it is born and it ceases when it dies. Then, we provide a response on behalf of the anti-perdurantist to show that our objection can be implausible because it can lead to unintuitive commitments. Lastly, we provide a general assessment to show that our objection only works if we can accept the unintuitive consequences.
Ontology is the science of being; therefore ontological security is the security of being, the maintenance of identity and the self. This would cause anxiety and result in the withdrawal from certain experiences or activities to maintain the ontology.
Throughout time, people have always had varying views and ideas of everything. Through philosophy, these views and ideas can be put into solid words, theories, and assertions. Two very influential and famous philosophers are Plato and Aristotle. Although Aristotle was a student of Plato, they have differing views of metaphysics and epistemology. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that attempts to give a complete and systematic account of all reality and existence. Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature and grounds of knowledge; epistemology asks what something is and how it came to be. One’s metaphysical position influences and affects their epistemological view by forming opinions on what is real or not and coming to knowledge through experience and/or by their metaphysical beliefs of reality.
Objectively present two arguments that oppose your position (they can deal with causes that aren’t very important, stances that simply disagree with your thesis, or solutions that might be unsound), and then refute them (show these counterarguments to be untrue or fallacious) with research material and (if you’re in English 2) with logical reasoning.
According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, ontology is a particular theory about the nature of being or the kinds of things that have existence. Anselm makes an ontological argument for the existence of God. This is the belief that existence itself is perfect and existing
to categorize the things that are known and explanations of what it all means. Life is full