Course Phed-1106-Py1 Walking and Fitness

The muscles’ stretched starting position means that the individual sarcomeres of her muscles have less overlap

When it came to choosing my classes I had to get a class that was only one credit, however, out of all the choices given to me I decided to take PES100 because I believed that by joining a fitness walking class I will be somewhat active and in hopes also influence my eating habits to healthier choices as I begin college. By choosing this class I also had in mind goals that I planned to achieve once I began. My short term goals were to stop taking the “easy” ways to places, such as driving to places when I can walk to them. This type of activity maybe be small exercise but while also taking this class I know that my habits of choosing the lazy way will soon disappear. For my long term goals, I hope to turn my fitness walking into fitness

It is evident that healthy adults running a marathon that replaces with only free water will run into pathophysiology challenges that will affect performance. Adequate fluid intake is crucial for prolonged, strenuous exercises to maintain adequate hydration, thermoregulation, maintain plasma volume and avoid dehydration (Duvillard et al, 2004). Although athletes are prone to hydrate as much as they can during extensive marathons, research shows that fluid replacement with only free water or even hypotonic beverages can be detrimental.

Hamstring Strains (HS) are identified by acute pain in the thigh with disruption of the muscle fibres, with 47% of all HS studies stating that the BF muscle is affected (3). This can be explained because the BF muscle tendon and muscle fibres are where the most common distribution of the ground force produced during running (3). Eccentric contraction is explained by a study from Guex (4) stating that between 75-85% of the running cycle the hamstrings are undergoing an active lengthening contraction. Having this amount of eccentric contraction upon the muscles has the potential to cause an overuse injury (4). At 85% of the running cycle, the SM, ST, and BF are stretched by 8.7-12.0% which is beyond their optimum lengths (4).

These components include aerobic power, which can be typically described as VO2 max, this is the maximal amount of oxygen the body can take in and use efficiently. The amount of oxygen taken in can be influenced greatly by the cardiovascular systems ability to deliver oxygenated blood to exercising muscles, the lungs ability to oxygenate the blood and the muscles ability to use the oxygen and extract it for sustained contractions. Disease and inactivity therefore can impair or inhibit these factors consequently reducing a persons ability to function.

When the musculature is either stretched or contracted exceeding its normal capacity, muscle strain is the result. According to Porth (2011), strain is a stretching injury that occurs following a mechanical issue, for example, unusual contraction of the muscle or with extreme forcible stretch (Porth, 2011). Although some musculoskeletal injuries of the mid back are caused by direct trauma, more frequently the cause is indirect trauma. Indirect trauma often results in disruption of muscle fibers, the muscle-tendon junction, or the tendon itself (Eagles & Stevenson,

The anatomy is a major contributor to any injury. The three hamstrings are the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and the biceps femoris. The hamstrings are responsible for flexing the knee and extending the hip

Sneakers have been a part of human society for many decades. They are used on a daily bases by ordinary citizens, industrial workers, and athletes. One of the key parts of a shoe is the outsole, the layer that is in direct contact with surfaces. Ancient civilizations adapted the outsoles of their “sneakers” to their environment. Modern day sneaker companies determine the material and texture of their outsoles by examining the way their target consumers will use the product and by using the science of friction.

It is therefore important that when exercising, the effort must exceed that of one’s’ normal daily activities.

Boxing is a well used medium of exercise that can be found being practised all over the world, you can start participating in classes at local gyms or boxing clubs with no prior knowledge of the sport with relative ease (Ghosh, 2010). Boxing is usually advertised by most gyms and leisure centres under their aerobic classes, but the nature of boxing is not just strictly aerobic. In fact, Health & Fitness (2000) describes that a competent boxer should have good aerobic fitness but about 70% of the energy being used in boxing is using the anaerobic system. Boxers should focus their training on brief and explosive workouts, followed by rapid recovery periods and then again with more explosive workouts, rinse and repeat.

As a health and fitness instructor I need to be able to apply my anatomical and physiological knowledge to practical activities and exercises. I have conducted practical assessments to explore how the body responds to physical activity and exercise. I have then written a report, including all the anatomical and physiological changes that occur within each of the bodily systems.

include a decline in flexibility and endurance in the first incident described below. In the second

This causes these muscles to become stronger. When this happens, you’re posture is affected. The body is not aligned correctly which may cause injury down the road. Many simple routines of stretching can correct this misalignment and make you feel much better.

There are many principles that people use to help better their body such as the Principle of Overload and the Principle of Specificity. The Specificity Principle explains that when people exercise, it should be relevant to the specific component of physical fitness that is desired to improve. The Overload Principle talks about how people need to expose the body to more work than standardly to progress. One of the principles that is often forgotten, but important to enhance the body is the Principle of Progression. Using the Principle of Progression is critical for the body to show improvements and to decrease the number of injuries during exercise.

To assess cardiovascular response to long-term aerobic exercise with and without fluid replacement will be examined by having four subjects perform both with and without fluid replacement. For Cycle Ergometer exercise on the Monark Cardio Care 827 E exercise bike: Prepare the subject with a heart rate monitor, chest strap, sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Ensure the subject understands the rated perceived exertion (RPE) scale. Start by measuring resting heart rate and blood pressure. We must account for a 3-5 minute warm-up at lower intensity than the first stage of the exercise. We kept the speed at 40-50 revolutions per minute (RPM) and workload is set on letter D on the Monark Cardio Care 827 E exercise bike, to obtain a heart rate of 135-140 bpm. During this process, we need someone to 1) record data, 2) record time, 3) adjust to resistance, 4) measure RPE and