Cousin Chloe Observation

The parents, in this case, are critical social agents to help the toddler learn how to develop. The third stage according to Erikson is the initiative stage where the child uses their imagination to fulfill ideas expressing themselves freely. They also imitate their parents, wanting to take responsibilities and to act as an adult. Being unable to fulfill the ideas creates a feeling of guilt, thus finding a balance is important for the successful advance of this stage. Erikson’s t 4th stage explains the confidence and difficulties of learning to read or write, things children wish to achieve but are insecure to do because they compare themselves with others. The process seems overwhelming but it is a natural process of learning that takes the time to master. Freud in this stages mentioned before explains the pleasure derived from urination in the anal stage, from stimulating genitals and from the attraction to others in the phallic stage. The latency stage described by Freud agrees more with the 4th stage since the child turns his attention to school work and

Maria developed three stages of children’s development based on her knowledge and observations. The first stage is the stage of the ‘absorbent mind’, which is from birth to 6 years of age. This stage is when the child is exploring his/her environment, absorbing information, and creating their concepts of reality. The second stage is from 6 to 12 years of age; this is when the child is using skills learned in the first stage. During this stage the child is reinforcing and expanding the skills learned in the previous stage. Maria’s final stage of child development is from 12 to 18 years of age. This is when the adolescent comprehends social roles and trying to find their place in society.

She notes that Shawna was “looking older every day through her first month; though she still looks a lot like Reba did at her age!” (Veronica Meserve, personal communication, September 13, 2015). She also noted that her newborn infant “didn’t like to sleep that much except if she was in your arms” (Veronica Meserve, personal communication, September 13, 2015). This information about the development of the infant coincides with what cognitive theorist, Jean Piaget called the sensorimotor state of intelligence. This theory explains that “as babies learn to recognize each person’s smell and handling, they relax only when cradled by their familiar caregiver, even when their eyes are closed” (Berger, 2011, p. 136).

Children are complex, and the way a child develops differs from individual to individual. The study of children is a field that researchers, scientists, theorists and educators have been exploring for decades. CHYS 1F90 studies the foundations of childhood development and allows the students to look at the way children develop through multiple lenses. Many conclusions have been drawn, observing how, when and why children develop the way they do. Jerry and Samantha are both grade one students who are unrelated. Although these two students are both the same age, they are different on a variety of accounts. Jerry is a shy and introverted boy who quickly becomes uncomfortable while talking to adults, teachers and peers, contrariwise

As can be seen from the account of the stages of cognitive and psychosexual development, the child observed the regular pattern of development in all areas. Her physical traits are completely normal so it seems that she is a well-developing, healthy child. From what she was saying and doing during the time I observed her, it might be concluded that she is even intellectually gifted. For instance, she was able to conduct a full conversation with her mother which is unusual for a child of that age.

Dr. Harry Harlow (1905-1981) was a groundbreaking psychologist whose experiments helped reshape the scientific attitudes toward child psychology and proper development. Our understanding of these subjects in the early 20th century were quite different from what we know today. At the time, it was said that love between children and parents started from the physical needs of the child and that emotions were irrelevant. It was also thought that contact between mother and child should be limited, if not avoided altogether, so as not to spoil it. Dr. Harlow challenged these established theories. He hypothesized that emotions and contact were essential for proper child development, and he established the Psychology Primate Lab at the University of

This paper is a progress report of an eight-year old girl’s developmental milestones from ages zero months to eight years old. It is an attempt to relate the milestones, and the impact on the girl’s ability to interact with her social environment. It identifies changes, and struggles the child experienced over the years. It reviews the decisions the parents made and their impact to her development. It links development theories to changes and experiences she experienced.

When a toddler is expelling the bowels, for example, while wearing diapers, this would be characterized as “anal expulsion”, but when the toddler starting the potting training process this is called the “anal retention”. Third, the phallic phase, whereas young boys encounter an Oedipus phase, much like the Oedipus complex, they fear the father and castration and has sexual fantasies about the mother. For a young girl she would enter the Electra phase, where she could acquire penis envy, which often can cause one to turn away from sexual life all together. After the phallic phase there is a pause of latency in the sexual development, though finally in the Genital phase sexual functions are organized and coordination of sexual urges involving pleasure is completed. “These investigations led him to conclude that childhood fears and experiences, often sexual in nature, accounted for neuroses-hysteria, anxiety, depression, often obsessions and so on” (Freud). Freud also claims that if there is an error that occurred in the sexual development it can result in homosexuality or sexual perversions in a person. Freud continues to explain that the child would get the appropriate gender-related behaviors enforced though indentifying with a same-sex parent, which would need to take place naturally.

Mirror neurons are important because it can allow a child to develop a symbiotic relationship with their caregiver and it teaches them social interactions with other humans. People learn through seeing and practicing what they seen another person do. The child learns social cues and interactions from their caregiver and a bond is formed between them. From the infant stage, a child often mimics the expressions of certain moods such as smiling if they see their mother smiling. However, if a child does not engage in this imitation or develop that relationship with their caregiver, it will be more difficult for it to develop in the future. In some cases, it is possible that it may never develop. This means that the person will have a difficult time forming emotional attachments to other people, especially their caregiver. When developing a treatment plan for Robert, Dr. Perry had recommended medication, but Mama P refused to “drug up” her baby. Mama P insisted that Robert needed “people to be loving and kind to him.” Mama P held and rocked Robert whenever he had an emotional episode and it soothed him. Originally, Dr. Perry thought that this type of care infantilized him, but it was the type of care that Robert never received before. Robert never received loving or comforting when he was stressed, so the actual physical act of nurturing was able to calm him. It was apparent to Dr. Perry that this type of care was effective to abused or neglected children when Mama P treated

The author emphasizes how the actual psychological development of the child and the treatment of various problems that a child may face during development are the two most important things that a child psychologist must be able to handle. The author also touches a lot on the factors of a child’s development and how setting, family, community, and the media all play a huge role in the developmental state of the child. The author also touches on the reality of child psychology in that children are almost never raised in a perfect environment and that there is such a wide array of issues that need to be treated as children progress through childhood and

However, in regards to social development he seems to struggle with developing healthy relationships with his peers and family members. JM prefers to be a loner, even at home he’s always alone in his room. His mother recalls a family get-together in which JM never came downstairs to interact with the guest. JM shared that his constant dealing with bullying pushing him towards isolation. JM’s mother hates that her son is depressed and avoids social situations. Although she has contacted a counselor to speak with JM, she has seen only small progress in this area. JM’s mother also shared that he has begun to ask questions about sex. Santrock 2010 shares that, adolescence is characterized by sustained changes in physical growth and he development of the brain, but adolescence is also is a bridge between the asexual child and the sexual adult. JM feels terrible about the urges that he has, but his mother has reassured him that it normal and its noting to be embarrassed

Years on, many researches and observations have been undertaken and new psychoanalytical theories started to reject Freud's and Erikson's staged view on child development and replaced it by introducing child emotional development in the context of development of self and attachment with significant others.

Conforming to Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development, Kiara began to explore during her toddler years. As a

An important part of being a child is being accustomed to the way people interact with each other. This curiosity is universal among all girls. Girls in Morrison’s novel are constantly trying to solve problems on their own. One such incidence comes with Claudia’s knowledge of puberty. By experience, Frieda urgently tries to assist Pecola, while Claudia is ordered to hide the evidence from their mother. Claudia, however, has no idea of the circumstances and rushes her tasks insisting that she “had to stay behind and not see any of it” (Morrison 29). Many would stay behind and clean instead of watch the operation that was necessary. Curiosity

During this stage pleasure arises from genital stimulation. This is also the stage where children experience the Oedipus or Electra complex (Barlow, Durand, Stewart, 2009; Shaffer et al., 2010). Freud alleged that young boys would have sexual fantasies that included their mothers with accompanying feelings of anger toward their fathers. This was coupled with fears that their fathers would castrate them led to the Oedipus complex (Barlow, Durand, Stewart, 2009). Alternatively, girls may suffer from what is known as the Electra complex. Freud supposed that girls wanted to replace their mother’s place and assume a relationship with their father. This was coupled with penis envy of a brother or father as girl’s wished they could be more like the male figures in their life (Barlow, Durand, Stewart, 2009). If this stage was not resolved in childhood, Freud believed that anxiety from unresolved conflicts with same-sex parent lead to neuroses (Shaffer et al, 2010).