Cranial Nerve Palsy

Cerebral palsy refers to a group of chronic disorders that involve degrees of brain damage that affect body control and movement. The term cerebral refers to the brain, while palsy describes a disorder that impairs the control of body movement. These disorders are not the result of muscles or nerves problems. Instead, they are due to impaired motor areas in the brain that disrupt its ability to control movement and posture. The condition typically appears within the first few years of life and it is not marked by regression. (Mecham, 1986)

Response: That specific cranial nerve is the Hypoglossal (XII) nerve and it belongs to the Sensory Somatic nervous system.

activities of the skin, muscles and many peripheral tissues. This includes the 12 cranial nerves

Continuing on we as a class learned about the spinal cord, which is a column of nerves lining our back, as well as the central nervous system, which is the human body’s main processing unit. Chapter two focuses primarily on these two aspects of the body. The central nervous system is the brain and spinal cord, the brain, hindbrain, and midbrain are in charge of the senses. Hearing and sight for example are dealt with in the forebrain. The nervous system includes many different working pieces that control the body. Such as Dendrites; these are the hairs on the neurons. Ions have both negative and positive neurons which each has three, included with the soma in the cell body. Axon is the long tube of it, and the terminal button is the end of the tube.

It also allows for the front part of the tongue to sense taste and the eyes to open and close. This nerve is located in the Fallopian canal of the skull, inferior to the ear and bilaterally connected to the muscles of the face. (PEDIACTRICS Vol. 112 No. 2, 2003). It is thought that with the incidence of Lyme disease, the inflammation correlated with the disease is the cause of Bell’s palsy because of the pressure it puts on this nerve.

There are 12 Cranial Nerves which all serve a very important purpose within each and every one of our bodies. The twelve cranial nerves are Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, and last but certain not least Hypoglossal. Each nerve plays a different role for example the Olfactory nerve gives sense to smell, and the Optic nerve gives us sense of vision. The Oculomotor give us the motor skills to adjust the size of our pupils, raise our eyelids, etc. This particular nerve is also parasympathetic to the pupil, which causes accommodation as well as constriction. Another nerve that has to do with our motor skills is the Trochlear nerve, which allows the eye

Bell’s Palsy is defined by a temporary, unilateral paralysis of the face caused by inflammation of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). Inflammation of the facial nerve is unknown although theories about a viral infection or disorders of the immune system have been found in research as possible causes. An MRI or CT scan can be used in order to diagnosis Bell’s Palsy by ruling out any other disorders with the same symptoms such as stroke, Lyme disease, or tumors. The disorder occurs suddenly and without any warning making it impossible for prevention. [1] Sir Charles Bell was the founder of this disorder from his studies of the facial nerve and how the interruptions of the nerve pathway caused paralysis. Bell’s Palsy generally

So what is Bell's palsy? Bell's palsy is a form facial paralysis. Most of the times it only affects one side of your face but in some rare cases it affects both. Bell's palsy occurs when 7th cranial nerve (facial nerve) starts acting up because “something” irritates it. I say “something” because it is not exactly sure what causes Bell's palsy. Researchers have come to believe that it is sometime type of Herpes simplex virus. The scary thing is that once you get bell's palsy there is always a chance of reoccurance. So you can get it multiple times.

The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Its main functions include: processing, integrating, and coordinating sensory information and motor instructions. The sensory data conducts information that is being processed from internal and external conditions the body is experiencing. Motor commands regulate and control peripheral organs (skeletal muscles). The brain functions under memory, emotions, learning, and intelligence. The PNS consist of the neural tissue found outside of the CNS. It functions in sending data to the CNS which motor commands are than carried out to the peripheral tissues/systems. Multiple nerve fibers send sensory data and motor commands in the PNS. The nerves that assist with transmitting data include the cranial nerves and spinal nerve. However, the PNS can be divided into afferent (to bring in) and efferent (to bring out) divisions of transferring data. The afferent division functions in bringing in sensory data to the CNS. Sensory structures are receptors that detect internal/external environmental change and adjusting accordingly. The efferent division functions in carrying out motor commands from the CNS to glands, muscles, and adipose tissue. The efferent division contains somatic

When the nerves of the body become damaged and no longer has the myelin sheath to protect them, then the damage causes the brain to fail to correctly transmit signals throughout the body. This causes the nerves to function irregularly which leads to problems with vision, balance, muscle control, and other basic body functions. Furthermore these problems can cause paralysis, fatigue, muscle weakness or muscle spasms, blurred vision or double vision, numbness and tingling, sexual problems, poor bladder or bowel control, pain,depression, problems focusing or remembering, and tremors.

CRPS can be isolated into two sorts in light of the nonattendance (sort 1, a great deal more normal) or vicinity (sort 2) of an injury to a noteworthy nerve. ______ Lynne Turner-Stroke and Andreas Goebel.

If suspected orbital disease as cause refer to neurologist promptly for CT scan.4 MRI or CT scan referral if recent head trauma to rule out coexisting haemorrhage which can be dangerous.4 If elderly patient with recent palsy, may suspect diabetes/hypertension, refer promptly to GP to measure blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and glycosylated haemoglobin.4 If signs and symptoms indicating suspicion of GCA, refer immediately (to hospital with available rheumatologist, ophthalmologist) for ESR, CRP and platelets.4 When cause/abnormality is known, refer appropriately to treat the cause (e.g to GP for diabetes/hypertension management).4 Common Causes: head trauma (often causes bilateral palsy), unknown (idiopathic), vascular infarct (usually due to diabetes/hypertension), demyelinating condition.4 Uncommonly caused by tumour, aneurysm, GCA, hydrocephalus.4 For children, most cases of isolated CN4 palsy are congenital or from trauma.7 Most CN4 palsies are benign.7

The hypoglossal nerve may be impacted by numerous things, such as, neck injuries strokes, infections, or tumors at the base of the skull. Any of these can lead to a problematic issue with speaking, chewing, or swallowing. Mrs. Smith experienced these symptoms such as, inability to operate the tongue during chewing and swallowing, as well as struggle in her speech. The hypoglossal nerve is examined by asking the patient to stick out their tongue. Other movements such as asking the patient to push their tongue alongside their cheek and feeling for the pressure on the opposite side of the cheek may also be used if damage is suspected (McKinley, O'Lougihlin, & Bidle, 2015, pg. 532). Ms. Smith also experienced these symptoms her left side of her

The central nervous system is the primary center of the body. It is composed of the brain, nerves, and spinal cord. It processes, guide movement and send out sensations throughout the body. The brain sits right in the skull and have four parts to it, the brain stem, cerebrum, cerebellum, and the diencephalon. The spinal cord is a long tube that connects to the brain and down the back of the body. It has 31 segments and there are pair of spinal nerves in each segment. Both motor and sensory nerves are in the spinal cord.

Facial nerve palsy can be caused by specific disease processes such as cerebrovascular events, infections and trauma. The lower motor neuron facial nerve paralysis which has no specific identifiable causation is termed Bell’s Palsy.