Cranial Nerves Origin

p.483 The cell bodies of primary-order neurons or pain-transmitting neurons reside in the dorsal root ganglia just lateral to the spine along the sensory pathways that penetrate the posterior part of the cord. The second order neurons are found in the dorsal horn (p.484) Most nociceptive information tranvels by means of ascending columns in the lateral spinothalamic tract (also called the anterolateral funiculus). The principal target for nociceptive afferents is the thalamus (the major relay station of sensory information in general) Third order neurons project to portions of the CNS involved in the processing and interpretation of pain, the chief areas being the reticular and limbic systems and cerebral cortex. (p 484)

The progress of neuroscience has been significant in the past 500 years. and with the advance of technology, there is yet a multitude of chapters left to write in the history books of neuroscience. The book The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons: written by Sam Kean was an engrossing and captivating read. It gives the reader a better appreciation for the growing pains of neuroscience and provides an educational, albeit entertaining overview of the anatomy and physiology of the brain and nervous system. From the early life and discoveries of Santiago Ramón y Cajal and his fascination with Golgi’s method la razione nera, which allowed Cajal to deduct after observing

A mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is a

The cervical spinal nerve C3-5 innervate the phrenic nerve. These are the lower motor neurons.

Response: That specific cranial nerve is the Hypoglossal (XII) nerve and it belongs to the Sensory Somatic nervous system.

activities of the skin, muscles and many peripheral tissues. This includes the 12 cranial nerves

This work coined the term neurology, and was not the result of his own personal and unaided exertions; he acknowledged his debt to Sir Christopher Wren, who provided drawings, Thomas Millington, and his fellow anatomist Richard Lower. It abounds in new information, and presents an enormous contrast with the vaguer efforts of his predecessors.

The nervous system is a multiplexed body system that controls most other body systems directly or indirectly by sending and receiving signals through a complex system of nerves. As a whole, the nervous system can be broken down into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord while the PNS is composed of peripheral nerves that branch off of the spinal cord and continue to branch to reach the most distal points of the limbs. The PNS can be further broken down into the afferent and efferent division. The afferent division deals with information brought to the CNS from the nerve receptors. Furthermore, the afferent division breaks down into somatic sensory receptors whose

The anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system are divided into two categories the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

The fifth cranial nerve out of 12 is known as the trigeminal nerve. Cranial nerves are located in the brain and each have a different function. The trigeminal nerve is located in between the oculomotor nerve and the facial nerve. The trigeminal nerve performs sensor functions that involve the teeth, tongue, nose, and eyes and is covered by a myelin sheath. A myelin sheath is the protective coating that is usually found around nerves. Trigeminal neuralgia also known as TN, is a painful disease that affects the trigeminal nerve. The disorder causes severe, sporadic, sudden burning or shock-like face pain that can last as short as a few seconds to as long as two minutes per episode of pain. Patients suffering from the disorder may sometimes

CRPS can be isolated into two sorts in light of the nonattendance (sort 1, a great deal more normal) or vicinity (sort 2) of an injury to a noteworthy nerve. ______ Lynne Turner-Stroke and Andreas Goebel.

• vagus nerves- carry a wide assortment of signals to and from the brain, and they are responsible for a number of instinctive responses in the body.

The main nerve between the eye and the brain that contains the nerves for vision (optic nerve).

Of these, approximately seven pairs of cranial nerves are relevant to speech and hearing. Ferrand (2014) describes these cranial nerves (CNs), which include the trigeminal nerve (CN V), the facial nerve (CN VII), the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), the vagus nerve (CN X), the accessory nerve (CN XI), and the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII); all receive input from fibers and forward the message to various muscles in the body. From this point forward, information is transmitted to and from the central nervous system by way of the cranial nerve endings and axons, and activation of the muscles of respiration, phonation, resonation and articulation occurs (Ferrand,

While part of the nervous system, the CN1 does not link to the brainstem. Only the optic nerve joins the olfactory nerve in this difference. Also, CN1 is the shortest cranial nerve within the human head. It can be prone to abrasions created by blunt trauma injury, which can result from problems of frontal brain lobe tumors, meningitis, and a few other reasons. This will lead to a reduced sense of smell. However, even if CN1 is damaged, nasal pain will still be communicated through the trigeminal nerve. Olfactory receptor neurons are continuously born in life and just form new axons to the neuron bulb.