Crayfish Frogs

Scientific work, I quickly came to realize, is humbling; it leads to introspection in its most fundamental form. My narrative is not one of defeat, but is rather one of ongoing failure. And this distinction is crucial to pinpoint: my mosquito bites are not signals of loss and finality, but are rather reminders that I am riding the constructive movement of scientific progress. It is only through the intellectual and ethical connections we form after learning from our many failures and building on occasional breakthroughs that we can understand the power of science and human collaboration. My growing number of personal failures, coupled with the knowledge of the long trajectory of my predecessors in their respective successes and failures, leave me with scars left from bug bites that have me constantly itching with a renewed faith in the scientific

Throughout my academic career, I have faced a few challenges that shaped me into the person I am today. The distinct obstacles that I had to overcome changed my perception of the world and my personality. In first grade, I moved from South Korea to the United States, In korea, I was outgoing and confident. I lived in the countryside where my mother was a nurse practitioner so I always had the best toys and the best resources for my education. This allowed me to excel in school and gain numerous friends. However, my move to America changed all of that. I did not know a word in English and barely knew the alphabet. It was such a bleak contrast to my life in Korea as I was belittled for my lacking English skills and inability to communicate. In

It was interesting to read that the hypothesis provided by the scientists turned out to be opposite of what happened to Valley Creek. The macroinvertebrates were already living in a low quality creek full of pollution, so I would have also expected their population to decrease after introducing a predator to their environment. The crayfish reminded me of the keystone species sea stars, that I learned about through a lecture on communities and ecosystems. The study conducted on crayfish was similar to a study conducted on sea stars, except they were removed from coastlines instead of being added to see the effect they had. The sea stars were believed to have a negative effect on the coastlines since they preyed on mussels, but it turned out

Identify certain regions of the crayfish body: the head, thorax (combined with the head), and abdomen. Look at Figure 2 to understand where to look.

The northern leopard frog is an important predator for its invertebrate prey, such as worms and flies.

The corroboree frog is a native Australian frog found in the mountain ranges of the Kosciusko national park. There are two variations of the frogs inside the species these include the northern corroboree frog (NCF) and the southern corroboree frog (SCF). Historically scientist named these frogs based on where they were found in the Kosciusko national park. The NCF lives in the northern parks of Kosciusko national park, Namiadgi National park and Rinabella national park, as seen in the image below. The NCF lives between 750 – 1800 m above sea level (Toragona zoo, Corroboree frog habitat). The SCF lies entirely in Kosciusko national park, form Smiggln hole to maragle range, from southwards to northwards. The SCF generally lives from 1300 – 1760 m above sea level. Currently the distribution of the frog is widely spread as the frog try to move from areas infected with the chytrids fungus. These frogs are extremely hard to find in the wild, as they are critically endangered. The frogs are most commonly fund in protected areas in the national park, which were introduced by the Australian government.

Chapter six of Tracking The Vanishing Frogs talks about frogs and sunbathing. It also talks about the UVB theory. Mountain yellow legged frogs can sometimes be seen sunbathing in Palm Springs , California. Ultraviolet radiation is light emitted by the sun. Another type is called uvb. It can be deadly. It is slowly beginning to reach earths surface as the ozone layer in the stratosphere thins. CFCs cause damage to the ozone layer. UVB causes skin cancer , cataracts and can weaken the immune system in humans. When it was found that Cascade frogs were dying they began to look for a reason why. After a while they decide to see if it was linked to UVB.

Accepted animal mating theory suggests that females tend to select more “attractive” males as their breeding partners. In the case of Túngara frogs from Central America, male “attractiveness” is generally dictated by vocal ability and the size of their vocal sacs. However, a new study reveals that all hope is not lost for males with less desirable songs, thanks to the “decoy” effect.

Poison dart frogs as stated by Patocka, Wulff and Palomeque, (1999) are members of the Dendrobatidae family, which secrete poisons from glands in their skin. According to Patocka, Wulff and Palomeque, (1999) there are over 150 species of poison frog already known.They further state that the family Dendrobatidae has eight genera which includeDendrobates, Phyllobates, Aromobates, Epidobates, Minyobates, Manophryne, Nephelobates and

Frogs have been living on this planet for millions of years, and over time, they have evolved into diverse organisms on earth. Today, however, all their adaptions and survival strategies are failing them. Current discoveries are upsetting and show that more than a third of all amphibians, most of which are anurans, have already been lost and more are dying out each day. Habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, and a growing human population have set the stage for their diminished numbers. But now, a currently unstoppable fungus has been recognized as the major cause. When a whole group of a certain type of organism starts to vanish then we should be concerned. Amphibians play an important role in the food tree of life as top insectivores

A Crayfish, which is also known as crawfish are freshwater crustaceans. That means they belong to the same family as lobsters, crabs, and shrimps. There are over 200 different types of crayfish species. They are found across the world besides Africa and Antarctica. Their life spans are quite short, they only live for two to three years.

During the course of our lives, we will all be faced with obstacles. Some may be small, such as losing your car keys. Others may be large, like losing your job. However, if you approach all obstacles with an ambitious attitude, and resilience, as opposed to just whining, moping, and becoming depressed about it, they can be much more easily overcame (Harrington, 2012).

The African clawed frog is from Sub-Saharan Africa. It is part of the African species of aquatic frog of the pipidae family. The word xenopus means “strange foot” and laevis means “smooth”. The afare tongueless, toothless and completely aquatic. They use their hands to shove food in their mouths and down their throats and a hyobranchial pump to draw or suck things in their mouth. Pipidae have powerful legs for swimming and lunging after food. They also use the claws on their feet to tear pieces of large food. They lack true ears but have lateral lines running down the length of the body and underside, which is how they can sense movements and vibrations in the water. They use their sensitive fingers, sense of smell, and lateral line system

Mr. Gaston is a gentleman that we follow for multiple sclerosis. He has currently been on 20 mg of prednisone per day and generally has been doing quite well. He has had intermittent problems with bladder control and did lose bladder control today. He has really not had much change in his weakness. His gait has been stable and he has noted no new visual or cognitive change. He is quite concerned about his B12 level because he is a vegetarian and he does know that B12 is very important for his nerves and is concerned that with his MS that he will not be making enough of a myelin sheath. Explained to him that the B12 has been well absorbed and there is probably sufficient in his diet, but to alleviate his concerns we are giving him a seven-day

The positive effects of the calling are the frogs to be able to find a mate. Without mates, the frog population would not be able to thrive and survive. This helps to increase the frog population. The frog population has a specific niche in its environment to maintain the environment. Negatively, the callings are efficient way of survival for bats. The frogs act as a vital food source for the bat eating frogs. The bats eat the frogs which decreases, but helps to keep stability in the frog population. The frogs can sense when bats have heard the call and they are able to see their flying shadow. The frogs attempt to stop from being heard, by stopping their calling. After the calls have stopped, there callings are still rippling in the water.