Creating Kasturba General Hospital and the Manipal Academy

As expected, with war comes extensive injuries. During WWI, it took a wounded soldier about 24 hours to travel from the battlefield to a hospital. Many times, the soldiers did not live through that excruciating 24 hours. The wounds inflicted on many soldiers led to the development of new medical techniques and improvements (iWonder 2015). The quickly rising death toll during WWI led to the creation of blood transfusion techniques. Prior to WWI, blood transfusions were nearly impossible without cross-matching blood types. An article published by Medical History argues that, “Though the technique (blood transfusions) caused several deaths, it did save dozens of other men, proving its lifesaving

Each sample was tested before it was shipped. He took every possible measure to avoid poor handling and contamination of blood plasma. He closely monitored the shipments of these life-saving plasmas to treat war casualties. For five months, “Blood for Britain” project ran successfully with approximately 15000 people turning donors and approximately 5,000 vials of blood plasma collected.

Some people strongly believe that donating blood is bad, but what people don’t know is that it actually has surprisingly good benefits like reducing the risk of cancer, burning calories, and even saving someone’s life, so everyone who has the opportunity to give should.

Plasma is used to keep a healthy blood pressure, supplying proteins for blood clotting and immunity, and serves as the medium for the exchange of vital minerals. It is attained by separating the liquid part of the blood from the cells. Dr. Charles Drew set up a blood plasma system in 1938; he set up a blood bank at Columbia Medical Center by 1939. Drew then discovered that plasma could replace whole blood; this discovery played a huge role during the war in places with severe atrocities. Blood was in high demand in 1940 as war raged across Europe. The International Transfusion Association chose Dr. Drew to organize the Blood for Britain project. This project collected, processed, and transported 14,500 units of plasma within five months. The research of Dr. Drew transformed plasma transfusion so plasma could be given on the battlefield immediately. Dr. Drew was appointed Director of the first American Red Cross Blood Bank in February 1941. This plasma collection and preservation program is a model for today’s blood donation organizations. When the program ended in September 1945, the American Red Cross had gathered over 13 million units of blood and transformed most of it into plasma. By the end of the war, 1.3 million plasma units were returned to the American Red Cross, which were given to civilian hospitals (World War

General Hospital - offers various services like emergency, general, critical and intensive care to various

Our nation has a major blood shortage which results in a national health crisis. States all over the nation are reporting the need for blood donors and the importance of having donors to help those who are directly affected. There has been a recent rise in shortage due to the increased demand of high complex surgeries which require a large supply of blood. McMillan reports, “just one liver transplant can take 120 units of donated blood” (Zabarenko, 2016). It is imperative to bring attention to this social problem, and begin to search for possible solutions, as well as identifying gaps in the policy before seeking policy revision. Experts indicate that “the only solution is for this problem is to persuade people to become donors” (Nagourney, 2009).

Drew created a central location for the blood collection process where donors could go to give blood. He made sure all blood plasma was tested before it was shipped out. He ensured that only skilled personnel handled blood plasma to avoid the possibility of contamination. The Blood for Britain program operated successfully for five months, with total collections of almost 15,000 people donating blood, and with over 5,500 vials of blood plasma. As a result, the Blood Transfusion Betterment Association applauded Drew for his work. Out of his work came the American Red Cross Blood Bank, which Dr. Drew was named the director of. Every year since 1939, Dr. Drew traveled to Tuskegee, Alabama to attend the annual free clinic at the John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital. In 1950, Dr. Drew drove along with three other black physicians to the clinic. Dr. Drew was driving around 8 a.m. on April 1st when he lost control of the vehicle. After swerving into a field, the car flipped over three times. The other doctors in the car suffered only minor injuries. Dr. Drew was trapped inside the car with serious wounds. His foot had become wedged underneath the brake pedal. When he was finally removed from the wreckage, he was in shock and barely alive due to severe leg injuries. He was taken to the hospital in Burlington, North Carolina. He was pronounced dead less than an hour after arriving at the hospital. Dr. Drew's funeral was held on April 5, 1950, at the Nineteenth Street Baptist

Dr. Charles Drew; “The Father of the Blood Bank” had a very large impact on the world of medicine although it was very difficult because of the color of his skin. He paved his way through the barriers of racism that surrounded him and accomplished many things. Dr. Drew was best known for his work with blood plasma, which resulted in the creation of the American Red Cross Blood Banks, and the success of the Blood for Britain project. Through his research Dr. Drew was able to save lives and provide an effective way to store blood so it could be used at a later time. Although it was tragedy that brought Dr. Drew to medicine, it was his perseverance that helped him become great.

In a publication of the Stanford University School of Medicine, held an article entitled “Against the Flow—What’s Behind the Decline in Blood Transfusions?” The author of that article, Sarah C. P. Williams, stated: “Over the past decade, a growing body of research has revealed that in hospitals around the world, donated blood is used more often, and in larger quantities, than is needed to help patients—both in operating rooms and hospital

Before even the town was founded, America needed a place for the spread of cholera that held an enormous impact of the death rate all over the world. Many deaths stroke the hospital, but no one left a big building to just stand. The staff sanitized the rooms and placed new curtains and sheets, and it has become a regular hospital.

The British Army started blood transfusions. Captain Oswald Robertson had the idea of stockpiling blood. The first blood bank was successfully used in 1917. Using sodium citrate, blood could be kept up to twenty-eight days.

The second kind of hospital is known as a general or station hospital. These buildings were used for public service and health. The first general hospital was a 534-bed, nonprofit, teaching hospital in Center City, Philadelphia. It was established on May 11, 1751. The 50th general hospital was opened on September 4, 1942 under the command of Colonel Rollo P. Bourbon, and Lieutenant Colonel Hubbard T. Buckner.

The topic of blood donation well-researched, with strategies having been devised to try and increase donation rates all over the world. Australia faces a challenging set of circumstances, in which remuneration for donation is illegal (ARCBS, 2013). It is thought this may be a contributing factor to the poor repeat donation rates in youth demographics, for whom altruism is no longer a primary driving factor when considering donation (Russell-Bennett, Hartel, Previte & Russel, 2012).

Just imagine if one of your brothers or sisters was born with a heart defect and had to have daily transfusions of blood in order to have a chance of survival. Unfortunately, things happen like this everyday and some of you may have experienced them already. In this essay I am going to persuade you to become a blood donor. I try to donate blood every two months or so because it makes me feel like I am doing something good and saving people’s lives. Do you know that 95% of all Americans will need a blood transfusion sometime in our lives (Red Cross web site)? That statistic means that there is a possibility that you, and your family and friends could need support from volunteer blood donors. In this essay I will discuss the need for blood donations, solutions that can increase blood donations, and actions that need to be taken to increase blood donations.

62 Griffith University students, 35 female and 27 male age 18 – 30 were asked to participate in our survey. Respondents had to fill out 20 questions which included demographic questions on age, gender and nationality as well as questions regarding awareness, attitude and actual behaviour towards blood donation. The quantitative data from our survey was entered into