Challenges Faced By Bank Analysis

The fact that banks control 97% of the world's money supply makes them a vital institution. Banks are the engine of our modern financial system and a source for economic growth. The bank's ability to create credit can have destructive effects; the Great Depression of 1929 and the Great Recession of 2008. In both cases, banks spurred on an asset bubble through overextending credit to aid the purchase of assets. The result was an economic collapse that wiped out wealth and reduced credit creation which stalled productive investments. The lessons of the two great economic collapse support the notion proposed by the author, that bank credit for transactions that do not contribute to the economy should be restricted.

In business affairs, in a nation’s economy, and in the international scene, money has made its permanent imprint thus credit has been clearly indicated and pertinently stressed. Credit’s advent has brought about numerous benefits to its users and misfortunes to others who get caught in the web of its unwise use. According to Fajardo (2011), credit is the ability to acquire something of value, such as goods, services, securities or money. Moreover, he added that credit transaction usually involves either to pay a definite sum of money. Whenever credit is mentioned, risk on the creditor’s part becomes apparent, thus businesses find best credit risk management.

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Credit risk consists of three parts: the size of the exposure at the time of default, the probability of default occurring, and the loss if the credit event occurs (Fraser & Simkins, 2010). Undoubtedly, a combination of a clear strategy, a knowledge of analytical tools, an understanding of the risk management instruments, responsible oversight, and the ability to be intuitive is crucial to risk management (Bethel, 2016). Wells Fargo is one of the most successful banks in the United States in managing risk. Successfully, they have navigated through risk by choosing a course of action determined by their risk management process (Perez, 2014).

Since the onset of the financial crisis 2008, the sovereign debt crisis in western economies and the new financial regulation with Basel III coming up, the financial industry faces the challenge of reinventing itself. The ring-fence for Commercial and Investment Banking, and new economic and regulatory capital requirements will determine the kinds of products banks will be able to distribute. It will have a huge impact in the Investment Banking business, which will suffer tough regulation and supervisory procedures. At the same time, credit risk models will be reviewed because they have failed to predict the crisis of 2008. The current financial and economic crisis doesn’t have any precedent in the past.

The National Association of Credit Management (NACM) is an organization that provides business Credit services. “As the advocate for business credit and financial management professionals NACM and its network of Partners take great pride in being the primary learning, knowledge, networking and information resource for commercial creditors nationwide” (NACM, 2015). The parts of The National Association of Credit Management that we will explore include the goals of the organization, its history, the four departments of member benefits, and signs of Fraud. As a non-profit organization the NACM has placed a level of quality for the credit professionals in credit and finance branches of business

Bank’s debt structures and amount of loans reported on balance sheets post crisis had changed due to short-term creditors and borrowers. Banks with more deposit inflows reduced their lending amounts on short-term debt. The failure of Lehman Brothers caused banks to reduce their lending because they were greatly affected by the credit line cuts that came with the failure. Another finding on balance sheets was that there was an increase in commercial and industrial loans. However, that was not driven by growth in loans but rather it was increased through drawdowns on existing credit lines. The cause of the decline was due to the failure of Lehman Brothers along with decisions of firms to cut back on expansion plans because of the recession. The decrease in lending wasn’t only affected by the drop in demand but also the decrease in the amount of supply available at banks. Banks that had less access to deposit inflows and a higher threat to credit line cuts took steps to reduce their lending efforts when compared to other banks. (Ivashina et al., 20) Banks saw more changes in lending amounts when tightening of credit standards came into play as well. By tightening

Credit control is a system used by businesses to make sure that it credits customers who are able to pay and on time. This is critical as it reduces the risk of bad debts and frees up cash within the business therefore avoiding having to pay interest on overdrafts or the use of expensive invoice discounting. This however requires the ability as well as the right systems and procedures in place to be successful. The reason being is that it is not just the collection of money from late customer’s payments but instead credit control is about building good rapports with customers. Credit control is also about assessing the potential risk from customers even before a sale is made and foreseeing the amount of credit that can be offered and (if any) extending payment periods. This of financial distress need to be addressed soon as, in order to minimise the risk of being owed money however needs to be carefully monitored as credit ratings need to be kept current and any signs which could potentially lead to a business going into

Recent studies have investigated the impact of the 2007-2009 financial crises on banks’ capital. Berger and Bouwman (2011) emphasised the importance of capital during financial crisis. Their empirical study concludes that banks with solid capital base have some benefits during the crisis than those that are poorly capitalised. Well capitalised banks are more able to withstand the shocks due to liquidity squeeze, and therefore had higher chances of surviving the crisis period. Other benefits accrued to well capitalised banks include increase in their market share and profitability, as customers withdrew their funds from less capitalised to a well-capitalised banks. This conclusion was also reinforced by a recent empirical study conducted Olivier de Bandt et al (2014) on a sample of large French banks over a period of 1993 – 2012. Similarly, Gambacorta and Marques-Ibanez (2011) demonstrate the existence of structural changes during the period of financial crisis. They conclude that banks with weaker core capital positions, greater dependence on market funding and on non-interest sources of income restricted the loan supply more strongly during the crisis period. Using a multi-country panel of banks, Demirgüç-Kunt, Detragiache and Merrouche (2010) find among others results, that during

To address this deficiency, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) proposed the post-crisis regulatory capital framework - Basel III, aimed to improve both the quantity and quality of banking organisations regulatory capital and to build additional capacity for loss absorbency into the banking system to withstand markets and economic shocks (BCBS). The importance of capital to a banking organisation cannot be overemphasised, the amount of capital held by a bank determine: (i) the level risk the bank can enter into. (ii) Loss absorbency capacity. (III) The profitability level. (iv) The cost of fund. (v) Investors' confidence, and (vi) the going - concern of the bank. It is vital that banking organisations are able to maintain a balance between their capital risk portfolios. As a result, banks tend to adjust their balance sheet components to achieve an internally set capital

Deregulation, innovation and globalisation has changed the way banks run from asset management to liability management, as well as the change from ‘mono’ to ‘multi-tasking’ and the increased competition in the sector as well as risk. The banking system has evolved drastically from the traditional mono-tasking institution to what it is now. This change in roles of asset and liability management could be one of the main reasons behind the global

The paper overviews the banking sector reforms within the framework of the Nigerian Financial System. A theoretical approach was adopted although empirical evidence was presented in some cases. It was clear that developments in the banking sub-sector of the Nigerian financial system have contributed to some extent in promoting economic growth and development in the country. However, the operations of some of these institutions were characterized by inefficiency and ineffectiveness. It was also found that the challenges facing

List of abbreviations List of tables Acknowledgements Abstract 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction Problem statement Objectives and hypothesis of the study Literature review Structure and performance of the financial sector in

Credit management is not only an important and interesting activity, but also an extremely difficult job.

city univeRsity of hong kong Part-Time BA (Hons) Business Administration and Management Cohort January 2013 Module Title Business Research Issue and Anylysis (Module code BAMG 2104 ) Assignment Topic/ Title