Creutzfeldt-Jakob's Disease Research Paper

Out of the many forms of infectious agents, one that seemingly defies the central dogma of biology is the prion. These types of diseases are created when an otherwise suitable protein is altered in a prion like domain, becomes misfolded, and begins contorting other specimens of the same protein to this misfolded shape resulting in what’s known as an amyloid fiber. This entire replication process does not require DNA, simply more of the non-mutated protein. Recent studies focusing on mutations identified in two heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleicprotiens, hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1, have shown to produce cytoplasmic inclusions. This causes mass degradation of muscle tissues and structures throughout the human body known as multisystem

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: It happens when a prion protein misfolds itself, thus causing a “domino effect” which unfolds itself causing a malfunction.

Proteinaceous Infectious Particles, commonly known as Prions, are extremely rare misfolds of the protein PrPc, which cause fatally neurodegenerative diseases, and are theorized to be infectious only by the protein itself (U.S National Library of Medicine, 1998). This “protein-only theory” is still heavily debated today, as some scientists deny the theory, and there isn’t a significant amount of evidence on each side to qualify the theory or disprove it (Soto, C. 2011). The base “Prion” protein is encoded in the gene PRNP, while being non-infectious. Prions are most commonly found in human prion diseases, but they can also be in other animals in the form of Mad Cow Disease and Chronic Wasting Disease, classified as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathies

The meats that consumers eat are slabs of a cow’s muscle tissue and the infectious meat is only found in the nerve tissue. Of course there is the possibility of having some of the contaminated meat passed on to the meat that consumers eat when the cows are cut, but the chances are very slim. Since this disease is contracted through eating contaminated meat, the site of infection should be in the digestive tract, yet this disease eats away at the brain and nervous system.

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a rare and fatal human neurodegenerative condition falling under the category of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) because of having characteristic of spongy degeneration of the brain that it causes and its ability to be transmitted. First it was described in the United Kingdom in March 1996 and it has been connected with exposure to a TSE of cattle known as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) sometimes called Classical BSE, having been reported first in 1986 in the United Kingdom.

Abnormal changes happen in the brain, and it appears as a sponge-like holes and gaps, causing deterioration in the areas of the brain. This can turn into spongiform degeneration that results in the progressive neurological and neuromuscular symptoms that are associated with CJD. This disorder is a result from a mutation in the gene that regulates the production of the human protein or direct transmission with abnormal protein in infected brain tissue. Scientist believe that there is a transmissible agent that is responsible for causing CJD. This is a slow virus, since it can take many years from exposure to the appearance of

Twenty years after the wind down of the infamous Mad Cow Disease epidemic and thirty years following its first appearance in British cattle, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy continues to impact thousands. In 1996, it was discovered that bovine spongiform encephalopathy could be transmitted to humans in the form of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), most commonly through the ingestion of beef contaminated with BSE. Of the roughly 229 reported cases of vCJD, it’s believed that at least 3 cases contracted the fatal neurodegenerative disease through blood transfusions. In an effort to protect the U.S. blood supply, the FDA has banned blood donation from any person that had spent more than six months in the UK between 1980 and 1997.

In both my body and your’s there are these things called prions which occur normally in humans but when folded incorrectly, they are harmful to the body. These incorrectly folded prions then go on and alter other normal prions by actually changing the structure of the prion’s alpha helical regions into beta pleated sheets. If these altered prions are in your brain, they build up in your neurons and cluster together with each other eventually causing neuron loss and other brain damage. This continued brain damage and neuron loss leads to holes in the brain giving it the consistency of a

In addition to the cervid species in which chronic waste disease can occur in wide variety of other animals. These other animals include monkeys, sheep, cattle, prairie voles, mice, and ferrets. Environmental transmission has been linked to contact with infected bodily fluids and tissues. Once the prions are in the environment chronic waste disease prions may remain infectious for many years. Thus, Decomposition of the disease carcasses, infected gut piles left by hunter, as well as urine, saliva, feces, and antler velvet of infected individuals that are deposited in the environment.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a mad cow human disease which is believed to be caused by eating beef products contaminated with central nervous system tissue, such as brain and spinal cord, from cattle infected with mad cow disease. For this reason, the many

The rare disease caused lesions to form, attacking Larance's brain stem and spinal cord. Kimbro said:

The topic of my research paper is bovine spongiform encephalopathy, also known as the “mad cow disease”. There is also another name that it is known by which is, Creutzfeldt Jacob disease (vCJD) which is the human form of BSE.

Encephalitis is a rare disease commonly found in young children and elderly adults who posses a weaker immune system. Symptoms of this viral and or bacterial infection range from mild to life threating symptoms. They include sudden fever, stiff neck, headaches, vomiting, irritability, confusion, and drowsiness. Viral Encephalitis can develop during or after a viral infection, for example: influenza, rabies, measles, and simple herpes. Encephalitis can also be contracted as a bacterial infection, which can alter the treatment of the disease. Treatment for Encephalitis can differentiate depending on the severity of the disease. The most common treatments seen in Encephalitis are antibiotics, antiviral therapy, acyclovir, and hydration

Prions are a type of protein found naturally in the brain and other regions of the central nervous system. The diseases associated with

Prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders (Jeong and Kim, 2014). These are diseases which affect the nervous system, in particular the brain across many species. They are transmitted via prions. Prions are essentially proteins which like many proteins