Crime And Conduct A Seizure Of Evidence

It does not matter the reputation you have earned for your high integrity and honesty, you will always be open to allegations of civil or criminal liability. The first type of evidence and usually the most obvious is physical evidence. Evidence can be anything from tangible objects such as cartridge cases and firearms to latent fingerprints and DNA. Evidence collection or recovery step in crime scene processing is the methods, techniques, and procedures used in retrieving evidence. Patience and care are very important at the crime scene. The criminalist should take the proper time and care in processing the scene. The work is tedious and time consuming.

As is the case with any type of evidence seizure, what is fair game and what is off limits needs to be identified and set, preferably in writing before any work is done. (Nelson, Phillips, & Steuart, 2015). This ensures that the forensics team will be protected in the worst case scenario where the company could have an issue with what was taken, very similar to the protection ethical hackers require when performing a penetration test (##). Once this list is created, the team will interview the system administrators to provide any information allowed about the systems such as the equipment, system baselines, passwords that are allowed to be shared, and any special information that would need to be known before analyzing the system such as what information is logged and where would it be stored (Rowlingson, 2004). The entire purpose of this information gathering is to paint a clearer picture of the situation so a more detailed plan could be devised prior to any systems being touched.

The gathering, protection and safeguarding of evidence is a crucial facet of evidence integrity, without accurate adherence to these processes, vital evidence that could possibly have significant influence on a court case could be deemed inadmissible. Therefore identifies the importance in establishing policy and procedure for law enforcement agencies in the identification, collection, and storage of evidence. Objects that constitute fruits, instrumentalities, or evidence of the crime or are contraband may be introduced in evidence and exhibited to the jury if it is proven that such objects offered as evidence relate to the crime charged (Garland, 2015, p. 417). Below is a procedure for handling physical evidence for presentation

The main difficulties that the police agencies face during the online crime investigation include the multi jurisdictions, obtaining the warrant for search and seize, anonymity, significant amount of data, and consistently evolving technologies and techniques(Wall, 2012). Specifically in the online predators crime, the idea of obtaining a warrant is the most critical difficulty the police agencies have. Similarly to other actual physical criminal cases such as murder or assault, the key component in conducting the successful investigation is to identify and obtain the actual evidences that can prove the offense(Power, 2013). However in terms of the cyber crimes, most evidences are contained in the actual computer itself, which, it explains that the

Chain of Custody Justice is the only achieved if an accurate record of all events is kept from the time of an alleged crime to the completion of trial. One way the investigators maintain the accuracy of that record is ensuring that evidence is collected and stored properly. The attention to accuracy is known as chain of custody. Chain of custody is a set of procedures that accounts for integrity of evidence by tracking its handling and storage from the time it was obtained to the time it was offered at trial (Gardner & Anderson, 2013, p.439).This procedure is very important in any criminal case. The goal for a proper criminal investigation is to keep a tight chain of custody in order for justice to be served.

Electronic evidence is very fragile because it can be destroyed or altered very easily, therefore it is imperative that investigators follow very careful all the procedural steps when collecting electronic evidence (Diversified Forensics). Before any electronic evidence is gathered investigators should determine whether there is probable cause that a crime has been committed, or if the crime was committed somewhere else the investigator should determine whether the electronic evidence will aid the investigation process to prove or disapprove the crime, if a warrant is needed it must be obtained prior to collecting the evidence (Diversified Forensics). Hard drives, computers, and other electronic devices must be turned off, unplug all cables,

Today people of authority are experiencing a new wave of crime, transforming how criminals are using technology to invent new crimes and rewriting the traditional methods of how crimes were once committed (PERF, 2018). Due to many advances in technology it’s becoming easier for criminals to gain information on how to commit numerous illegal acts whilst remaining anonymous, this is making it harder for people in a position of authority to find the culprit as there is only little evidence (PERF, 2018). To prove that cyber crime is becoming more popular as there were almost three hundred thousand reports of people being victimised on the internet during 2016 (PERF, 2018), This shows that crime is becoming more based on online acts and it is seen as a fast and convenient way to harm and abuse the justice system as it is extremely easy to access without the added risk of risking their identity, The rise of internet based crimes is obvious in every day use as mostly everyone has a computer or a device that is connected to the internet although due to the existing systems of measuring crimes were created for felonies committed in a psychical form not over the internet as it is becoming harder for police and other authoritarians to create any new developments regarding minimising the new crime

The Department of Justice report entitled "Investigations Involving the Internet and Computer Networks" (2007) states that the Internet may be used by criminals for various reasons including the trading or sharing of information, concealing or assuming another identity, identifying and gathering information on victims and communicating with co-conspirators. The Internet may also be used by criminals for the distribution of information or alternatively misinformation and for the coordination of meetings,

The internet has brought upon a new revolution of global interconnection where contacting someone on the other side of the world is just a click away, but with this international phenomenon comes an increased susceptibility with unfamiliar technology. Internet crime is compiled of all non-physical crime with the aid of a computer. Although broad in definition internet crimes are largely composed of acts such as cyber fraud, ‘phishing’ (username and password hacking), cyber stalking and hacking. Internet crime does not pose an overwhelming issue in society in terms of its

When was the last time she accessed her computer? What is her background in computers, what is her skill level? I need some background on the former employee, her computer habits and activities prior to the files being found on her computer. I must collect digital evidence while keeping the data unaltered, first thing. This data will be used later in the prosecution of the case. This can be done through calculating and recording an evidence file. Next is imaging of the computer media with a write-blocking tool. I must keep the chain of custody. The computer's RAM is examined for evidence. During the examination step, verify and catalog the presence and integrity of the original evidence and any copies. An analysis is made with specialized equipment to find out exactly what's stored on the digital media. This includes a manual review of all materials found on the media, a review of the Windows registry, techniques to crack passwords and retrieve protected data, keyword searches and extraction of email and pictures for further review.

State and local law enforcement agencies face several challenges including the lack of resources, expertise, training, and funding to solve cyber crime. Of these problems, are the growing concerns of the local and state officials about the threats made relating to the protection of computer infrastructures at the federal level. Local officers are not having the capacity or understanding of computer crimes necessary to properly investigate offenses such as computer and electric crimes and fraud and theft crimes by digital technology. (Taylor, 2011) Having education and appropriate training is crucial in the investigation process to gain an upper hand in fighting digital crime. In addition, state and local law enforcement expressed concerns about resource constraints and apprehension regarding expertise and jurisdictional

You will find valuable information and steps need to be taken when investigating this type of crime. The information will make it clearer on how to properly conduct a search and to obtain or seize evidence while on the field in order to search, obtain, and secure the evidence that is located while investigating. It is very important that the reader understands the steps so that there will not be a question of the evidence seized and the evidence will be admissible when it comes to a trial when convicting the individual who has committed this crime.

Chain of custody refers to the safekeeping of evidence during the trial process, the chain of custody also keeps track of who had access to the evidence, why did that individual had access to the evidence, what was done to the evidence, when and where was the evidence taken if it was taken somewhere for testing or anything, one of the main goals of maintaining a chain of custody is to try to preserve the evidence in the same form that it was found at the crime scene during the whole trial process, failure to maintain a chain of custody can result in the inadmissibility of evidence in court (Buckles, 2006, p.

Security and privacy concerns present challenges for law enforcement combating deep web criminal activity. Crimes committed on or with the Internet are relatively new. Those crimes include illicit trade in drugs, weapons, wildlife, stolen goods, or people; illegal gambling; sex trafficking; child pornography; terrorism and anarchy; corporate and sovereign espionage; and financial crimes. Police agencies have been fighting an uphill battle always one step behind an ever evolving digital landscape and the criminals who exploit it. The novelty of the Internet begets jurisdictional and legal issues law enforcement must address while remaining ethical and holding to the code of law. Due to the anonymous nature of deep web criminal activity and the means for uncovering perpetrators, privacy concerns of citizens legally using the same software or websites are now a hot topic.

Some of the most important procedures used in collection of information to be used in a court of law include collecting live data from the RAMs images. Such live recovery of information can be collected from the F-Response which can collect data from the networks of a computer. Information can be collected when the computer is logged on or connected to the network or when the computer is executing (Carrier, 2006, p. 56). The other procedure that can be used in the collection of information for forensic purposes is the encryption of hard disks. Encryption of the hard disk creates logical images that can be collected using the F-Response (Eoghan & Gerasimos, 2008, p. 95). The other important procedure for collection of information is making sure that all data storage devices are kept away from magnets and any other devices that might destroy data stored in them. It is important that the handling individuals obtain the information collection manuals that help them collect information effectively (Eoghan & Gerasimos, 2008, p. 94).