Criminal Justice Policies To Reduce Crime

The Kansas City preventive patrol experiment was a landmark experiment carried out between 1972 and 1973 by the Kansas City Police Department of Kansas City, Missouri. It was designed to test the assumption that the presence (or potential presence) of police officers in marked cars reduced the likelihood of a crime being committed. It was the first study to demonstrate that research into the effectiveness of different policing styles could be carried out responsibly and safely. The Kansas City Police Department drew the conclusion that routine preventive patrol in marked police cars has little value in preventing crime or making citizens feel safe and that resources normally allocated to these activities could safely be allocated elsewhere. A significant factor realized was that crime prevention was more highly dependent on the willingness of citizens to report suspicious and/or criminal behavior to Police than the levels or types of patrol.

1. Mandatory minimum sentencing is a protocol made to provide accurate sentencing for a crime. The purpose is to provide a standard where judges cannot reduce sentences, in order to encourage a fairer judicial system.

The design of the Kanas City Preventative Patrol Experiment was to test the assumption that marked police units patrolling the streets can prevent individuals from committing crimes. Areas of the city were assigned either- no routine patrols the proper level of patrols and substantially increased patrols. “The concept of preventive patrol postulated the "self-evident truth" that the mere presence of the police or reasonable potential for their presence would deter criminals from committing offenses in the immediate geographic area of the patrol” (Deployment by analysis, 2000).

“Mandatory minimum sentencing means a person convicted of a crime must be imprisoned for a minimum term, as opposed to leaving the length of punishment up to judges”( US Legal, Inc.). Since, the 90’s American Judicial Systems Mandatory Sentencing have been around and it originally purpose was to get rid of the transferring and selling of drugs on the street. The U.S. disgned the mandatory minimum sentencing to send a clear message to everyone that

During the year of 1965, President Johnson passed the Law Enforcement Assistance Act, which stood for “The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) was a U.S. federal agency within the U.S. Dept. of Justice. It administered federal funding to state and local law enforcement agencies and funded educational programs, research, state planning agencies, and local crime initiatives that increased incarceration enabling corporations to re-introduce prison labor.” (https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/423.html). During the 1960’s there was also the civil rights movement going on, so many have believed that this act was passed “in order to assuage “white fears of black agitation”(FILIMON, Luiza Maria. 2015. "POLICE PRACTICES IN NEW YORK: BETWEEN RACIAL PROFILING, DISCRIMINATION AND UNCONSTITUTIONALITY." Bulletin Of The Transilvania University Of Brasov. Series VII: Social Sciences. Law 8, no. 2: 189-200.) The passing of this law had a explicit effect on America’s Criminal Justice system. This also put an effect on the country's criminal law also at its state and for the federal policies.

Mandatory sentencing is another form of structured sentencing, deserves special mention. Mandatory sentencing is just what its name implies: A structured sentencing scheme that man-dates clearly enumerated punishments for specific offenses or for habitual offenders convicted of a series of crimes. Mandatory sentencing, because it is truly mandatory, differs from presumptive sentencing, which allows at least a limited amount of judicial discretion within ranges established by published guidelines.

harsh gun laws do not act as deterrents there are countless supporters of these policies. Thus our current system of mass incarceration and determinate sentencing developed (Simon, 2007).

The Philadelphia Foot Patrol experiment was designed in response to a need to calculate which method of problem oriented policing are successful in deterring crime in hot spot during the summer months. We were able to conclude that after 3 months of intensive foot patrol in the treatment area prevented 90 various violent crimes in hot spots, because we have to take in effect the notion of

“Broken Windows” by Wilson and Kelling is a seminal work in the study of Criminal Justice. Starting off, the effectiveness and outcomes of implementing foot patrols was discussed. Foot patrols were found to not decrease crime, but did increase citizen’s favorable opinions on the police and perceived level of safety.

The assumption one may hold regarding policy-making in criminal justice is that individuals are well-informed about conviction rates as well as arrests, which influences changes in the criminal justice system. However, such assumption raises doubts on the severity of punishment. Further, perceived probability of arrest is related to subsequent criminal behavior. Such an argument is based on the belief that people with lower perceived probabilities of arrest are more likely to get involved in crime during subsequent periods.

Police Foundation stated that because the majority of a police officer's time is typically spent on non-crime related matters, the amount of time spent on crime is any less important (Police Foundation, 2017). In my opinion, there are no strategies to deter crime because criminals are going to commit a crime regardless. In doing so, there should have been a better plan and strategies of where to put each police office to cover the area that seems to have a high crime rate and the area with the less crime rate would have a patrol officer to monitor that area for appearance for the security of the neighborhood.However, I commend the effort of trying to find a solution to deter crime in the city, even though it was stated that the experiment of Kansas city crime does not compare to other city but it has some similar crime with Detroit and San Francisco. The experiment can be used if the data was accurate to brainstorm by building off the Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment to another option to execute to deter crime in another

Kansas City prevention was a patrol experiment; (preventative patrolling). The results of police patrolling in high crime areas did not lessen criminal activity, however the reduction of police patrolling did not result in increased criminal activity. This research shined a new light on policing and helped pave the way for future community policing.

Part 1: Nature, Extent, Impact of Crime Policy on Crime & the Administration of Justice in the U.S.

The focus of this paper will be based upon different crime prevention strategies implemented by members of the communities, local and government authorities.

Although some say that incarcerating people or giving them the death penalty is the only way to punish criminals, there are alternatives to these such as halfway houses, probation or community corrections and more. Most of these projects have helped criminals get onto a better path and rethink their life decisions. There are several ways to reduce crime rates and all of them are beneficial in one way or another.